The article investigates little-known facts in the life of the famous Tatar and Turkish public figure S.N. Maksudi – a turkologist, an educator, a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire and the Majlis of the Turkish Republic at different periods of his life. At the beginning of the XX century a graduate of the Sorbonne University, a young lawyer, Sadri Maksudi, found himself at the center of the political life of the Turkic-Muslim world of Russia. He lived in St. Petersburg and was actively engaged in political activities. Just then he met Russian Freemasons and became a participant in the Masonic movement.

The attitude towards Masonry in the Russian history is characterized by different assessments, for example, they were credited with participation in conspiracies, possession of secret knowledge, etc. In fact, most Masons were liberals who advocated the introduction of a wide range of democratic freedoms in Russia, including expanding the rights of national minorities. This attracted one of the leaders of Russian Islam, who actively defended the ideas of equality and enlightenment of his people.

The article presents the analysis of the history of the opening of Masonic lodges in St. Petersburg after the revolution of 1905-1907 and their activities during the inter-revolutionary period, in which S.N. Maksudi took part.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the views of the Tatar politician S.N. Maksudi through the prism of his participation in Masonic organizations of the early XX century. For this purpose the author used biographical, historical-genetic and historical-comparative research methods, as well as general scientific and dialectical methods of analysis. As a result, we came to the conclusion that despite all the objective differences between the social movement of Muslims in Russia and the teachings of the Freemasons, there were common ideological ideas between them, which attracted the Tatar-Muslim leader Sadri Maksudi to the ranks of the masons, which was reflected in his political life.

Analysis of the internal policy of a state in the North Caucasus, identification of positive and negative factors in the integration of the region, as well as the identification and consequences of the common interests of the tsarist administration and local feudal lords, is relevant since these processes influenced the social and economic development of the region, led to social conflicts, and in general, they changed the social and legal status of the population of the region, which was part of the legal field of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. Determining social preferences in the implementation of the agrarian policy of the tsarist administration will to some extent help to avoid this kind of social conflict in the future. The purpose of the article is to identify the social status, historical transformation, the process of strengthening and the role of the upper classes of the North Caucasus, their relationship with the new government during the second half of the 19th century, selforganization and legal status.

In the process of the research work methods of comparative historical analysis, synthesis and generalization have been used, as well as the principle of objectivity and historicism, which provide the opportunity to analyze various episodes and phenomena from a historical point of view.

The practice of Russian reforms in the second half of the 19th century contained a number of aspects that determined a turning point in the socio-political, socio-economic and other spheres of life of the peoples of the North Caucasus. The results of the research are the following: the claims of the upper classes to dominate the population by seizing, with the help of the new government, land holdings into their own property, as well as receiving material benefits while in service have been defined. Conclusions: the upper classes were the conductors of the policies of the Russian administration in the region, which led to social protests and the deterioration of the social situation of the dependent classes.

The article considers the historical and socio-cultural aspects of military development in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1928 to 1940, taking into account the growing interest in society and the scientific community in military history, including the problem of involving the peoples of national regions of the country in the process of formation and further development of the Soviet Armed Forces. In the research the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, as well as comparative historical, problem-chronological, statistical and descriptive methods have been used; new publications and documentary sources that have not previously been introduced into scientific circulation have been employed.

The historical and social and cultural aspects of military development in the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1928 to 1940 have been considered. - from the moment of the first compulsory conscription of Dagestanis for military service in the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) until the adoption in September 1939 by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the new Law “On General Military Duty”. This event marked the beginning of the implementation of military service by representatives of the male youth of the peoples of Dagestan service on a common basis with all nationalities of the USSR.

The research characterizes the work of the authorities to establish military registration of the male part of the population and pre-conscription training of young people in a multinational region. The gender component of the process of formation of military service has been highlighted; the features of the implementation of Soviet military construction in Dagestan within the designated chronological framework identified and prospects and scope of application of the research results characterized.

The article examines the organization of fighter battalions and their activities during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the role of the Soviet and party bodies in ensuring public security in the front line and in the rear areas of the USSR when using voluntary formations. The history of the creation and deployment of fighter battalions as effective forms of popular mobilization in the rear, for the effective fight against German intelligence, which intensified during the period of the enemy's offensive along the entire front line, has been revealed. The content of organizational and pedagogical technology for training the distribution of workers in deficient professions and specialties in the school system of factory apprenticeships has been revealed. The directions and content of the ideological work of the state, focused on the working people of the rear, have been examined. The problemthematic field of this article has been investigated both using the information array of the central authorities and using the historiographic material of the local territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR - the South Osetian Autonomous Region. The problem-thematic field addressed in this article was examined not only based on data from central government bodies, but also for the first time using historiographical materials from the central archive of South Ossetia - a territorial-administrative unit of the former USSR.

We have a research idea to show the peculiarities of the development of the Orthodox component in the transitional period of the historical development of our country on the example of the Russian population of the Republic of Dagestan as adherents of Orthodox traditions in the national multiconfessional region. The relevance of the research associated with the transformation of the religious component of Russian people of Dagestan under the influence of globalization and socio-cultural processes of recent decades.

A positive effect on the development of the religious component of our society as a whole with a number of features in national regions, in particular, Dagestan have been analyzed. The investigated archival and periodical material and analysis of the empirical data have made it possible to consider the development Orthodox identification in the period 1985–1997. The low growth has been noted. Conclusions have been drawn about the unstable situation of Orthodox parishes due to a number of factors, including the political situation, migration processes among the Russian population, which, in turn, led to the low activity of the clergy, their interaction with the authorities to solve pressing social problems.

In modern society knowledge of Creative Pedagogy ensures high potential of educational activities and achievement of a high level of education quality. The education system is faced with the task of qualitatively preparing a modern graduate for further education and work. Solving this problem requires the search and implementation of new teaching methods, which are a meaningful component of Creative Pedagogy. Scientific works do not fully present a comprehensive analysis of Creative Pedagogy. They primarily reveal only some aspects related to the creativity of a teacher and the principles of organizing a creative environment. The weak theoretical development of the issue under consideration allowed us to formulate the following research problem: what are the essential characteristics of Creative Pedagogy? The purpose of the article is to substantiate theoretical approaches to the definition of “Creative Pedagogy”. Solving the stated goal required the use of theoretical research methods (analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of existing knowledge on the problem under study, generalization). The empirical basis of the study is represented by analytical materials and information resources on the Internet.

The results of the research include 1) the concept of “Creative Pedagogy” is considered as an innovative direction of the new education paradigm; 2) the potential of Creative Pedagogy in educational activities has been revealed; 3) the pedagogical conditions for the creative orientation of pedagogical activity have been determined; 4) the basic principles of creating a creative educational environment have been outlined.

Key findings: The study extends pedagogical theory toward understanding the content of Creative Pedagogy; the presented basic principles can be used by teachers when organizing a creative educational environment, and the proposed creative teaching methods can be used to stimulate the cognitive activity of students.

The past few years have seen unprecedented growth in technology development in the field of advanced artificial intelligence. One of the latest major advances was the release of a platform called ChatGPT in November 2022.

ChatGPT is changing expectations and practices in education; the teaching and academic community is concerned about the rapid pace of implementation of the chatbot in the educational process and the possible negative consequences of this implementation.

The relevance of the research is due to the development of artificial intelligence technologies, the rapid growth of the popularity of ChatGPT and the introduction of new technologies in the field of higher education.

The purpose of the research is to study the practical aspects of using generative neural networks in higher education.

The objectives of the research are to consider real cases of using artificial intelligence technologies in higher education and analyze our own experience of using ChatGPT in educational practice.

The methodological basis of the research consists of the following methods: analysis of Internet resources and literary sources, method of studying cases for research and generalization of teaching experience, synthesis.

The research results include the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies (using the example of the generative language GPT model) in the educational process of higher educational institutions, the advantages and disadvantages of integrating generative neural networks into the educational process of a university.

Key conclusions: Generative neural networks are a controversial technology, raising concerns about ethics and academic integrity in higher education, but are also discussed as a powerful tool for teaching and research. In higher education ChatGPT can be used to create learning materials, engage learners in subject-matter discussions, provide personalized feedback, develop assessment rubrics, and support interactive and collaborative learning, thereby enhancing learning effectiveness. In the process of introducing generative neural networks into the educational process, it is necessary to take into account the limitations of their use: lack of creativity, bias and inaccuracy, dependence on technology. Teachers must adapt their teaching methods to make the most of these powerful tools.

Relevance. In the context of increasing geopolitical tensions in the world the development of Russian cultural identity of students in foreign language classes is of particular importance. Modern Russian society needs competent, creative and active specialists, whose training will not be relevant and sufficient without acquiring knowledge not only about the culture of the countries of the language being studied, but also about their own culture. In the current situation, a foreign language has priority importance as a means of intercultural communication and generalization of the spiritual heritage of the countries and peoples of the studied and native languages.

The Research problem: what are the principles of development of Russian cultural identity that contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence? The purpose of the research is to substantiate the implementation of the principles of development of Russian cultural identity of technical university students in foreign language classes that contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence. The research methods used include pedagogical observation, study of psychological and pedagogical literature, retrospective analysis of teaching activities, assessment, study of the work experience of teachers of higher educational institutions. The results of the research are the following: the role of a foreign language in the formation of Russian cultural identity of students has been determined; principles for the development of Russian cultural identity of students in foreign language classes at a university have been formulated and examples of their implementation given. Key conclusions: the principles of ethnocultural orientation of teaching and the use of PR technologies in foreign language classes, the purpose of which is the development of the Russian cultural identity of students at a technical university, contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence.

Relevance. In modern conditions the problem of the effectiveness of the professional activity of a university teacher has become relevant, determining the possibility of concluding a contract with a scientific and pedagogical worker, as well as the size of his/her salary. In this regard, there is a need to analyze foreign and domestic experience in monitoring the performance of higher education teachers, which can be successfully used in a modern university. The research problem lies in the need to develop an ergonomic procedure for assessing the professional activities of a scientific and pedagogical worker as a result of his/her individual achievements. The purpose of the research is to reveal the experience of monitoring professional activities of a university teacher as an innovative contour for assessing the effectiveness of his/her teaching work. The objectives of the research: to present the experience of rating the work of a university teacher; disclose the criteria for accounting for the results of professional activities of scientific and pedagogical workers; identify trends in monitoring professional activities. Methodology and research methods: the methodological basis was made up of modern scientific ideas about the criteria for assessing the activities of a university teacher. The following theoretical research methods were used: analysis, comparison, generalization, description, visual presentation. The research results: a generalized position on the development of criteria and indicators for assessing the performance of scientific and pedagogical workers has been presented using the example of effective contracts. General trends in monitoring the professional activities of university teachers in modern conditions have been identified. Key conclusions: a conclusion has been formulated about the advantages and possible prospects of a policy for monitoring the effectiveness of the activities of scientific and pedagogical workers in modern conditions.

The restructuring of higher education should be considered as one of the urgent, most important tasks of accelerating the social and economic development of the state and modern personnel policy. Universities are called upon to have a long-term, ever-increasing impact on the accelerated movement of society, dynamic transformation of the economy, improvement of social relations, and radical restructuring of all aspects of life. Universities have a special role in the development of the humanization of the society and the spiritual culture of the people; for this it is necessary to ensure a transition to the training of general specialists based on a combination of fundamental, general scientific, general professional knowledge and areas of practical training, individually differentiating the content and terms of training for specialists with higher education depending on the nature of their future professional activities – design, technological, technical, engineering, management, research and other possible ones. It is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary connections of the disciplines studied, adapting the graduate to the needs of the market, moving on to training specialists with a training period of five to six years. No other sector of the economy has undergone such dramatic changes in such a short period. In this article the author made an attempt to conduct a retrospective analysis of the higher education system in the Russian Federation, highlighting existing problems and outlining possible development prospects.

It is well known that security is a necessary condition for the long-term development of humanity, society, the state and civilization as a whole, ensuring their stability and success. Currently, the Russian Federation pays close attention to the issues of educating the younger generation about a culture of life safety, which is supported by government initiatives, because ensuring the safety of the state citizens is among the priority components of a high standard of living. It is the culture of life safety that is defined as a component of the general culture of an individual and the main target for the activities of educational organizations. In this regard, the problem of the research is to substantiate the culture of life safety as a pedagogical category. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the content of the concept of “life safety culture” as a subject of pedagogical discourse and the basic target of the state educational policy. The methodological basis of the research is represented by the use of methods of analysis, theoretical generalization, and description.

The results of the research are as follows: various approaches to the content of the concept of “life safety culture” as a pedagogical category have been analyzed; the structural components of safety culture have been identified; the target guidelines for instilling a life safety culture in educational institutions have been substantiated.

Key conclusions: the issues of developing a culture of life safety among students have been considered in two contexts, as a necessary condition for the activities of teachers in developing the experience of safe behavior of students and as the creation of pedagogical conditions for a safe educational environment by all participants in educational activities. The target guidelines for instilling a culture of life safety among students are an integrated set of the following components: psychological, political, economic, environmental and information security of an individual.

Mathematical disciplines within the educational programs of medical training are currently represented by a small number of auditory working hours. Most students do not focus on studying these disciplines, because they lack motivation. It is significant to examine motivational attitudes of medical students in relation to mathematical disciplines carefully in order to improve the teaching process.

The problem of the research is to define resources of medical students’ motivation while studying mathematical disciplines.

The research objectives are to reveal the incentives encouraging future doctors to study mathematical disciplines thoroughly.

The research methods used are the method of survey, the method of analyzing products of activity, the method of generalization and systematization of the data obtained.

The research results are the following: the incentives motivating medical students to study mathematical disciplines have been highlighted, the interconnection between motivational attitudes and students’ personal interests have been identified; the reasons influencing future doctors’ motivation to study mathematical disciplines have been defined; the principles of organizing mathematical training for medical students in the context of the motivational component of the university educational process have been named.

Key findings are: the quality of medical students’ performance depends on the nature of their motivational attitudes towards the type of the discipline given; enhancing practice-oriented component while selecting educational material has a positive impact on the dynamics of future physicians’ motivation to study mathematical disciplines.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that social responsibility seems to be an important condition for the stability of social order and development. During the periods of crisis, the problem of leveling social responsibility among individuals and communities arises. The purpose of the research is to identify the most significant areas of social life of a modern man in the 21st century, where social responsibility is considered as a significant category that requires particularly close scientific analysis. When working with empirical material, methods applied in Sociology of culture and Sociology of management have been used - axiological, typological, structural-functional ones. Based on the results of the research, it has been revealed that research into the implementation of social responsibility in the sphere of economic relations - business and corporate interactions - is most in demand. Scientists are also interested in the need to demonstrate social responsibility in the field of Biotechnology and activities of engineers, who should focus not only on the scientific and technical, but also on the humanitarian component of production. In the current information society, the social responsibility of the media is of particular importance. The key conclusions include theses that social responsibility as a way of positively responding to the requests of those in need (individuals, groups, society) is being formed very slowly due to various historical, socio-economic, general cultural and psychological reasons; social responsibility is difficult to manage, it cannot be formed under compulsion; it is necessary to find a balance of economic benefits and ethical altruistic values that are embedded in the religious and traditional systems of ethnic cultures.