At this stage of archaeological and anthropological research, a consensus of opinions has developed regarding the course of the historical process in the Black Sea steppes in the Bronze Age. Thanks to this, it has become possible not only to determine the origin and genetic relationships of individual archaeological cultures, but also to resolve the problem of the ethnolinguistic affiliation of the bearers of these cultures. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the available data of linguistics, glottochronology, mythology, archeology, anthropology and paleogenetics in order to formulate a hypothesis of linguistic attribution of the culture of multi-rolled ceramics. After determining the linguistic affiliation of the carriers of the culture of multi-rolled ceramics, a private task was to trace the historical fate of the identified dialects until the release of their carriers to modern habitats.

The main method chosen was a retrospective deepening from the culture of multi-rolled ceramics to its origins and alleged ancestors. From the point of view of archeology and anthropology, the ancestors of the carriers of the culture of multi-rolled ceramics turn out to be the Zhivatilovo-Volchanskaya filiation of the Trypillian culture. Together with the inhabitants of Mikhailovka II, they have a genetic connection with the urban-Kasperovkaya group of the Trypillian culture. Since the Yamniks of Mikhailovka II are more or less reliably attributed as Satem Indo-Iranians, we have come the key conclusion, defining the own place of the carriers of the culture of multi-rolled ceramics in the system of areal-dialect divergence of the Indo-European language family, that they themselves and their Zhivtilovo-Volchan ancestors spoke archaic the Kafir dialects, characterized by the absence of palatalization of the phonetic series.

The relevance of the research is determined by the insufficient study of the issues of the history of the pharmacy business. They are often considered as part of the history of medicine, although in Tsarist Russia a lot of laws were issued regulating pharmacy activities. The purpose of the research is to analyze the development of the pharmacy business in the Maykop department at the time of its historical existence as a state unit. The research objectives: on the basis of legislative acts and charters to trace the legal regulation of the pharmacy business of the Maykop department; to explore existing types of pharmacies; to study the state of health of the population, the personalities of pharmacists and pharmacy assistants on the basis of the texts of archival documents. The research methods: source study, historical-typological, comparative, statistical ones. The formation of the pharmacies of the Maykop department occurred according to the laws of the Russian Empire.

At the time of the formation of the department, there were only two free pharmacies in the city of Maykop. Later in more than 20 villages rural pharmacies and pharmacy stores were opened which provided the population with medicines. These pharmacies in most cases belonged to pharmacists or pharmacy assistants with a pharmaceutical education who own normal pharmacies in Maykop. The Soviet government, repealed the laws of the Russian Empire and expropriated pharmacies. With the liquidation of free pharmacies, the supply of medicines became an exclusively state affair.

Polygamy as a form of family and marital relations, corresponding to Muslim ethics, not only becomes widespread in Dagestan society, but also causes conflicting assessments in the mass consciousness of the inhabitants of the Republic. These assessments have a pronounced gender connotation. In the mass consciousness of the female part of the Dagestan society, this phenomenon is more identified as a negative phenomenon, in contrast to that of the male part of the population. In this regard, the article aims to identify the factors that give rise to polygamous strategies in the family and marital behavior of Dagestan men, as well as various evaluative positions of such marital behavior on the part of the Dagestan population. In this perspective, the practice of polygamy in Dagestan has not yet been the subject of scientific analysis, which determines the innovative nature of the results obtained in the course of the author's empirical study. Based on the results of the author's sociological survey conducted in 2021, a key conclusion was made that a man's right to polygamous marital behavior, actualized in the context of the religious (Muslim) revival in the Dagestan society, diverges from traditional ideas about the family and marital relations among Dagestan women. They, for the most part, regardless of the degree of religiosity, show a negative attitude towards the practice of polygamy. The reason for such an imbalance in attitudes towards polygamy in Dagestan is the nature of this revived family and marital practice, inadequate to modern realities, which has lost its functional content, motivational grounds and behavioral ethics.

In the post-soviet period, the existing volunteerism was replaced by volunteering, which has different forms of expression (cultural, social, political, environmental, etc.). The issue of determining the demand for volunteering and volunteer movement in the modern Russian society has become relevant for a number of reasons, including changes in the social well-being of the population, the inefficiency of the social policy of the state, the emergence of socially unprotected strata that require the attention and help of caring and active citizens. The purpose of the research is to identify the assessment and attitude towards the volunteer movement that exists in the public consciousness of the Dagestan population.

The research method is a mass standardized survey. The study shows there is a positive attitude towards socially useful work on a voluntary basis with motivation in the mass consciousness of the Dagestanis, that, firstly, it helps to educate the principles of mercy, moral qualities, collectivism in society, and secondly. In society there is the need to carry out socially useful work on a voluntary basis (helping the sick, the elderly and lonely people, environmental problems, participation in sports events, etc.). The results of the survey indicate that the surveyed Dagestan population is aware of volunteer activities, but at the same time, the respondents demonstrate passive behavior with a weakly expressed civic activity. However, empiricism shows that a certain part of the young generation of the Dagestanis is ready to take an active part in the volunteer movement, to provide the necessary social and other assistance to the categories of the population that need it.

At all times, clothing has been the most important element that helps a man to get used to new climatic and geographical conditions, therefore it is able to characterize the picture of society at every stage of its development.

At the regional level, clothing research is mainly of a historical and cultural orientation, but ethnographic research of clothing is needed, which would accurately describe the subject of the research, its graphic image, design and technological features, since over time the invaluable experience of its production will be forgotten and lost. The article discusses footwear (clothes for legs) for men, women and children of linear villages, starting from its archaic variants to modern ones; methods for the production of footwear (woven, sewn, molded), materials for the manufacture of footwear – vegetable origin (wood bark, reed stalks, hemp ropes), animal origin (leather, wool) and chemical (rubber), as well as its design and technological features.

Currently, educational institutions are actively transitioning educational activities to the use of an electronic information and educational environment through the introduction of a wide range of information and telecommunication technologies in the field of higher education. This leads to global changes in the conditions for the functioning of higher educational institutions, which makes it necessary to revise traditional approaches to the organization of the educational process. The basis of this process is not only a change in the educational process, but also the improvement of the management of this process and the university as a whole through the creation of an electronic information and educational environment.

The problem of the research is to reveal the experience of implementing the electronic information and educational environment in the practice of a scientific and pedagogical worker of a university. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of using the electronic information and educational environment of a university in the educational process. The research methods are analysis, survey, generalization, description, forecasting. The research results are the concept of "electronic information and educational environment" has been disclosed; the basic resources of the electronic information and educational environment of higher educational institutions have been described; the experience of using the Moodle platform in the educational process in the direction of preparation 44.03.02 Psychological and pedagogical education, focus: "Psychology and Pedagogy of Primary Education" has been presented; the results of an online survey of students on the advisability of using an electronic information and educational environment in the educational process have been shown.

Key conclusions: the electronic information and educational environment of the university is a set of electronic resources that ensure the synchronous interaction of all participants in the educational process of the educational institution; the basic resources of the electronic information and educational environment of higher educational institutions are the official website of the educational organization, online learning platforms, automated testing systems, portals / teams of deans, departments, curators, teachers, students, etc.; An online survey of students has revealed the interest of students in the use of electronic resources in the educational process.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to reconsider the prospects for the language training of seafarers in the context of a pandemic and related socio-economic changes in the state and in the world, including the employment of seafarers, the competitiveness of graduates of Russian maritime universities, wages, etc. Effective communication in English has always been of great importance for the safe operation of ships and protection of the marine environment from shipping.

The research problem is how does the electronic information and educational environment contribute to the successful implementation of English language programs and improve the quality of language training at a maritime university?

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the implementation of English language programs at the EIEE of the Institute.

The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, generalization. The Institute ofWater Transport named after G.Ya. Sedov was the experimental basis of the research.

The results of the research are the following: the English language programs implemented by the Institute have been described (goals, objectives, benefits, competencies being formed, form of organization and training mode); the forms of interaction between participants in the educational process at the EIEE of the Institute in the process of implementing English language programs have been disclosed; further prospects for the implementation of English language programs have been presented.

Key conclusions: the electronic information and educational environment created at the Institute has proved the effectiveness of the implementation of English language programs, based on cooperation, consultation, and dialogue between participants in the educational process, including employers, which contributes to the development of teamwork skills and constructive resolution of problem situations.

The relevance of the research is due to active introduction of digital tools into the education system in the context of Industry 4.0. Today digital service in education is assigned the role of an effective and comfortable mechanism for presenting information and communication services, digital resources to the subjects of education. Educational practices of using digital tools in education, as well as theoretical studies of the phenomenon of "digital education" need to be analyzed and systematized, which confirms the relevance of the research. The research problem lies in the theoretical substantiation of the category of "digital education". The purpose of the research is to clarify the essence of the concept of "digital education", to determine its meaningful content. The research methods. To achieve the goal theoretical methods have been used - analysis of materials and scientific publications on the problem under study, generalization, visual presentation of the results.

The research results and conclusions. The author carried out a theoretical analysis of the current definitions of the content of "digital education", highlighted its most significant characteristics. The attention is focused on the general content aspect of digital education as an innovative model of educational practice, taking into account modern trends in the modernization of the social and economic sphere in the era of Industry 4.0. The study demonstrates the importance of digital education in the context of the digital revolution in the direction of expanding the opportunities for the provision of educational services.

The currently implemented Federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES HE 3+, FSES HE 3++) provide for the use of active learning technologies in educational activities in order to enhance the cognitive activity of students. The transition to a distance learning format as a result of the coronavirus pandemic has actualized the feasibility of conducting training sessions using active learning methods that make it possible to build an educational trajectory of interaction between teachers and students in an online format more ergonomically. The research problem is What active learning technologies are effective in distance education?

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the use of active learning technologies in distance education as a means of enhancing the educational process. The research objectives are to substantiate the importance of active learning technologies in the current conditions of distance education; to reveal the concept of "technologies of active learning"; to present the practice of using active learning methods in distance education.

The methodology and research methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the development of active learning methods, the empirical base is the data of an online survey. The research methods are analysis, generalization, survey, description.

The results of the research are the following: prerequisites for distance education and the importance of active learning technologies have been substantiated; the concept of "technologies of active learning" have been disclosed; the practice of using active teaching methods in distance education has been described.

Key conclusions: the prerequisites for the introduction of distance learning into the educational practice are the widespread use of information and communication technologies, as well as the unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the world caused by the spread of Covid-19; active learning technologies include methods that activate the learning activities of students. The following active methods are optimal for distance learning: interview, essay, project, case study, group discussion.

The relevance of the research topic is characterized by a high level of informatization in the professional activities of lawyers and the need to develop practical skills in using reference legal systems of students in the educational process.

The research problem is as follows: what are the main possibilities of using legal reference systems in the educational activities of lawyers?

The purpose of the research is to study the possibilities of reference legal systems in the educational activities of students in the direction of training "Jurisprudence".

The main research method is system analysis.

The article considers the functionality of reference legal systems for the formation of professional skills of students in the field of Jurisprudence. The use of reference legal systems in the educational activities of lawyers is considered as a modern information technology aimed at solving a wide range of professional tasks, including the development of practical skills in collecting, systematizing, processing and interpreting legal information.

It has been concluded that the use of reference legal systems will contribute to the effective formation of general professional competencies of future lawyers.

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the growing interest for the use of modern educational technologies in the educational process of higher education, due to the implementation of new federal state educational standards for higher education, as well as forced isolation due to the spread of coronavirus infection. The experience gained while using modern educational technologies needs to be generalized, systematized and extrapolated in order to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. The research problem is as follows: what modern educational technologies can be used in the professional activities of a university teacher as an innovative resource? The purpose of the research is to describe the experience of using modern educational technologies for the activities of a university teacher.

The research objectives are to reveal the category of "modern educational technologies"; to present the experience of using modern educational technologies on the example of a digital service in the process of teaching the discipline "Physical Culture and Sports"; to identify the benefits of using a digital service in teaching physical education. The research methods used are generalizations, comparisons, visual presentation.

The results of the study are the following: the relevance of the use of modern educational technologies as an innovative resource for the activity of a university teacher has been confirmed; the experience of using a digital service in the process of teaching the discipline "Physical culture and sports" has been described; the advantages of a digital service in teaching physical education as a means of resource and information support have been revealed.

Key conclusions: modern educational technologies represent a set of technical human resourcesthat act as a means of acquiring knowledge; relevant educational technology in modern conditions is a digital service; in teaching the discipline "Physical Culture and Sports" the electronic information environment of the university and the Zoom online platform can be used; the use of electronic educational technologies makes it possible to make the educational process more comfortable and effective without interrupting it in conditions of self-isolation.

The transfer of education into the sphere of rendering services expands the status of a university teacher with the relevant competencies of a manager of educational interaction. The recognition of emotional intelligence as one of the main components of the professional success of a modern specialist actualizes the need to develop the skills of understanding and managing emotions in a university teacher.

The research problem is the awareness of the need for the development of emotional intelligence in a university teacher. The purpose of the research is to determine the significance for students of the presence of basic skills of emotional intelligence in a teacher.

The research methods are questioning, analysis, synthesis, generalization.

The results of the study are as follows: a questionnaire has been developed on the basic communication skills of emotional intelligence; students' survey has been conducted to identify their attitude to a teacher's emotional competence; the following skills have been prioritized: to address them by name; to be friendly when communicating; to give emotional color to the material presented; do not interrupt students in the process of communication; to be able to feel his emotional state and, on the basis of this, to build communication with him.

Key conclusions: students are aware of the need for a teacher to carry out professional activities based on emotional intelligence; they expect a positive manifestation of his emotional competence associated with interpersonal interaction; remote learning mode actualize the competent manifestation of the emotional intelligence of the teacher, performing a compensatory function in remote interaction.

Digital transformation as a natural stage in the development of any organization in the context of new socio-economic conditions requires the development of general models for the course of this process, as well as systems for assessing the achievement of the main indicators of digital development. In the Russian Federation the President and the Government have set the goal of achieving "digital maturity" for the higher education system as a priority area in the "Strategy for the digital transformation of the science and higher education industry". Today, many Russian universities are already developing digital transformation programs, and this requires an analysis of the current situation, understanding and ranking problems, as well as constructing and forecasting possible risks and effects.

The purpose of the research is to analyze foreign and domestic theoretical sources that reveal the concept, models and methods for assessing the "digital maturity" of higher education organizations. Qualitative method of document analysis has been used as a research method.

The results. The terminology in the context of researching the "digital maturity" of a university is actively developing. In relation to the concept, different approaches have been formed: biological, psychological, process, the category is comprehended both as a result and as a prerequisite for the digital transformation of universities. In the Russian Federation there is also a normative definition that determines the strategic priorities of the digital development of the higher education system. At the moment, the concept has been tested on several models for assessing the digital maturity of foreign and domestic universities, but the results also do not allow us to speak about the formed concept of this phenomenon.

The article considers topical issues of social and cultural values of a modern family. One of the serious problems of the modern society is family conflicts, which have negative consequences for both a family and a person. A modern family, which is based on traditional family values, is a barometer of the social well-being of our society.

The article shows the transformation of family values at the present stage, caused by a decrease in the importance of family debt, kinship relations and reproductive norms, the replacement of traditional forms of a family with new, alternative options, which are characterized by the absence of children and the predominance of extra-family values.

In the course of the sociological study conducted within the framework of the research, it has been found that the system of traditional family values has a fairly stable position in the society, in the presence of certain modern trends that indicate the predominance of individual values over family ones. An important role in the formation of family values at the present stage should be assigned to education as a factor that has a serious impact on strengthening the family institution. At the same time, it is very important to have clear social guidelines that will contribute to the formation of family values.

The practical significance of the article lies in the use of provisions and conclusions in the process of communication between representatives of various social groups and cultures, as well as in the creation of a family-information policy of the state, in the formation of the social and cultural values of a family with the active assistance of social institutions of the society and the media.

The emergence of a new class of intellectuals - the intellectual elite - is associated with the transition to an information civilization, which is considered by futurologists as the modern stage of human development, when intelligence becomes the central concept, and intellectual culture determines the level of intelligence development.

The study of the role of the intellectual elite in the society and the description of the "portrait" of a representative of the intellectual elite is the purpose of the research.

The methodological basis of the research is a dialectical logic, which gives an idea of the patterns of the development; a systematic approach associated with the idea of an object as an integral system, with the identification of diverse types of connections of a complex object and bringing them into a single theoretical picture.

As a result of the research, the main purpose of the intellectual elite has been revealed, the features of intellectual labor in a society with a network structure of interaction determined, and the conclusion made that the intellectual elite is at the same time a spiritual and moral elite, i.e. represents the modern intelligentsia.

The rationale for the introduction of the new concept of "Homo intellectualis" (intellectual person) into scientific circulation can be considered as a key conclusion.

The relevance of the topic and its practical significance is connected with the strategic line of the state to raise the prestige of intellectual labor and increase the intellectual potential of the nation.

The relevance of the research is conditioned by the need to develop the institution of social management in the transition of the society to the information stage of its development, which requires new management approaches in the face of exacerbation of globalization risks. Traditional methods of managing a society, primarily bureaucratic ones, do not provide the proper efficiency and effectiveness of the management process in such conditions. Therefore, the aim of the research is to consider adhocracy as a method of social management as an alternative to the traditional bureaucratic paradigm. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the bureaucratic and project (adhocracy) management approaches have been considered, the main characteristics of these methods highlighted, their advantages and disadvantages shown in relation to the institution of social management, and the practice of applying the project approach in public administration in modern Russian society briefly characterized.

The author proposes options for achieving a balanced management approach based on a reasonable combination of process bureaucratic and result-oriented project management in the modern information society in order to maintain a balance of social innovation and homeostasis, ensuring the integrity and manageability of the social organism. It has been concluded that the application of the project approach in social management is promising, provided that the administrative and legislative obstacles that impede the use of the adhocracy method in management practice are eliminated.

The article examines the problems that young families face today on the basis of the theoretical analysis and analysis of empirical data. The relevance of the scientific research is due, firstly, to demographic processes associated, among other things, with a high level of divorces, and secondly, the crisis of the traditional form of a family, the transformation of the system of spiritual and social values, the formation of attitudes towards egocentrism and consumerism.

The purpose of the research to identify and characterize the problems of a modern young family.

The object of the research is a young family, the subject is the problems of a modern young family.

During the study, the method of questionnaire [n=120] and expert survey has been used. Experts from the Orlovsky Crisis Center in the city of Orel (10 people) acted as experts. The study has showed that some of the problems faced by a modern young family are objective, others are objective-subjective.

The authors have identified four groups of problems of a young family: the first group consists of problems conditioned by financial situation of a family, the second - problems of a communicative nature, the third - socio-psychological problems and the fourth - problems associated with the personal characteristics of young spouses. The authors note that spiritual and moral education, which includes the formation of family values, is a basic condition for preserving not only a young family, but also the family as a social institution.