Introduction. The article examines the formation of the Russian population in the Western Kazakhstan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Studying the formation of the Russian population in the Western Kazakhstan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as an important stage in the history of the region is relevant in the conditions of contemporary ethnocultural interactions.
The materials and methods. Pre-revolutionary statistical data, archival documents, and publications intended for migrants were used as sources. Historical, demographic, and sociocultural approaches were applied, allowing for the study to encompass both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the investigated phenomenon.
The research results. Key socio-ethnic groups, namely the Cossacks, migrants, and non-residents, and the characteristics of their interactions in the Ural and Turgay regions have been analyzed. Demographic changes, population dynamics, and the structure of the Russian population have been examined.
Discussion and Conclusion. Migration factors, the role of state resettlement policy, and the specifics of economic adaptation, including land development, agricultural development, crafts, and integration into the regional economic system, have been discussed. Particular attention has been paid to the Cossack economic structure and the daily lives of the first settlers. The conclusion emphasizes that the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the process of ethnic formation and socioeconomic integration of the Russian population in the Western Kazakhstan in the pre-revolutionary period.

Introduction. The relevance of the research is determined by its significance in the historiography of the Caucasian War and the associated mass migration of the Adyghes to the Ottoman Empire, where the role of the Islamic factor remains controversial. The dominant paradigm, inherited from Soviet scholarship, tends to absolutize the significance of Muridism as an ideological platform for resistance, groundlessly extrapolating the Dagestani model to the different socio-political reality of the Northwest Caucasus. These constructs require critical rethinking, drawing on interdisciplinary approaches.
The materials and methods. Harnessing the potential of ethnology and diaspora studies allows us to interpret the religious element not as a standalone driver of migration, but as one of many factors that occupied a subordinate position relative to the fundamental foundations of the Adyghe society. The goal of the research is to analyze the scale and specific impact of the Islamic ideology on the migration movement through the prism of stable ethnocultural constants. The methodological basis has been formed by the principles of historicism, scientific approach, and objectivity, combined with retrospective and cross-cultural analysis.
The research results. Due to a critical analysis of historiography and the theoretical framework of ethnology, it has been substantiated that religious affiliation was not the determining factor in the outcome.
Discussion and Conclusion. The assertion that the Islamic factor played a dominant role is a scholarly oversimplification. The Adyghe ethnic group represented a complex, stable system, in which indigenous sociocultural mechanisms – «the Adyghe» ethical system and «the Adyghe khabze» normative system – occupied a central place. These structures served as the primary identification matrices, neutralizing the influence of external ideologies and defining the specific perception of migration.

Introduction. Modern society is undergoing significant changes in healthcare and medical education. Various reforms are going on, and efforts are made to effectively train future medical professionals and organize healthcare services for the population at a higher level. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the issue of medical personnel training must be studied using an interdisciplinary approach, that is, by studying history, medicine, and education. In Dagestan, as in many regions of our country, the development of healthcare and medical schools expanded after accession to Russia. The process of developing new territories and settling them was accompanied by the opening of medical institutions and the first medical schools, which replicated the healthcare and education systems of Central Russia. In this article, the author aims to highlight the issue of training mid-level medical personnel in the region. To this end, the author set the task of demonstrating the changes that occurred in the republic in the training of mid-level medical personnel after the establishment of Soviet power.
The materials and methods. The research was conducted using an important methodological principle for understanding the historical process, including the principles of scientific objectivity and historicism, as well as traditional methods of scientific inquiry used in historical science – comparative historical and statistical ones – which allow us to trace the dynamics of the development of medicine and the training of medical personnel in Dagestan. Events and phenomena were examined within a specific historical context.
The research results. Documentary materials from the Central State Archives of the Republic of Dagestan were the primary source of information. Their discovery served as the basis for covering the development of medicine and training medical personnel in Dagestan in the first half of the 20th century.
Discussion and Conclusion. It has been concluded that during the first decade of Soviet power, not only quantitative but also qualitative changes occurred in the healthcare system and the training of medical personnel. A study of the issues associated with the training of mid-level medical personnel in the first half of the 20th century clearly demonstrates that the formation of a corps of mid-level medical workers in Dagestan was consistent with the general changes that took place in Russia after the establishment of Soviet power

Introduction. The article examines the current status and main trends in the development of Buddhism in the sociocultural space of Kalmykia from the late 20th to the first quarter of the 21st century. The main objective is to comprehensively analyze and illuminate the history of Buddhism in Kalmykia today, as one of the fundamental values of the national culture of the Kalmyk people. The role and influence of traditional faiths in maintaining stability in the region, as well as their relationship with government bodies and public organizations, have been analyzed.
The materials and methods. The study utilizes retrospective, comparative historical, and problemchronological methods, as well as an interdisciplinary approach based on archival, legal, and scholarly sources.
The research results. It has been revealed that despite the repressive policies of the Soviet regime, the closure of khuruls (monasteries), and the absence of bagshis and gelungs (Buddhist teachers and clergy), Buddhism persisted as an integral part of the ethnocultural identity of the Kalmyk people. The outstanding role of Zaya-pandita in spreading Buddhism among the Volga Kalmyks and the entire Mongolian-speaking world is demonstrated. The collaboration of the modern Buddhist Church of Kalmykia with the domestic and international Buddhist community and its contribution to strengthening mutual understanding, peace, and harmony between peoples is analyzed.
Discussion and conclusion. Buddhism plays a key role in strengthening interfaith harmony, the spiritual and moral education of youth, and the preservation of national culture. Its integration into the modern sociocultural space of Kalmykia demonstrates a steady trend toward further development and institutionalization. 

Introduction. The article addresses the pressing issue of teaching Russian phonetics to international students. The key issue is phonetic interference—the transfer of native language pronunciation skills to the target language.
The purpose of the research is to systematize, analyze, and summarize existing research, developments, and methods on this issue.
The research methods. A systems approach and general scientific methods were used in the research, namely, analysis, synthesis, generalization, and observation; and a comparative analysis of the phonetic systems of the Russian language and the students’ native languages.
The research materials. Data from experimental phonetic studies conducted at various language centers with the participation of international students of different nationalities.
The research results. It has been established that the main phonetic difficulties of international students are related to the pronunciation of specific Russian sounds that have no equivalents in their native languages, mastering the hard-soft system of consonants, and observing the patterns of voiced/ voiceless consonants. It has been found that effective phonetics instruction requires a combination of imitative and phonetic methods, with particular attention to conscious articulation. The need for visual demonstrations of the articulatory features of sounds using diagrams and drawings has been substantiated.
Discussion and conclusion. The study confirms the need for a comprehensive approach to teaching Russian phonetics to international students. The effectiveness of using digital technologies in teaching Russian phonetics, including online audio tutorials and multimedia libraries, has been demonstrated. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the generalized methodological recommendations and developments for solving specific problems, taking into account the specific features of the Russian phonetic system and the peculiarities of learners’ perception, can be used by teachers of Russian as a foreign language. This is due to the urgent need for international students to master the phonetic foundations of the Russian language in order to acquire the competence necessary for successful acquisition of vocabulary.

Introduction. In the context of the transformation of educational governance mechanisms, the popularization of digitalization, and the promotion of a unified scientific and educational information space, issues related to the personal growth of academic staff are becoming increasingly important. The professional success of university teachers is directly linked to the performance indicators of the educational organization. A portfolio is currently the most ergonomic means of monitoring teaching activities at all levels of education, allowing for independent assessment of professional achievements. The goal of the research is to substantiate the use of portfolio technology as a tool for monitoring the professional development of academic staff nowadays.
The materials and methods. The article was prepared using research on pedagogical ideas for the digitalization of education in the context of globalization, ideas for designing a teacher’s professional activity in the digital space, and views on the content of a higher education teacher’s portfolio. The research methods included comparison, classification, historical method, synthesis, and generalization.
The research results. The author describes the concept of a «teacher’s portfolio», discloses its classification, and offers recommendations for its compilation.
Discussion and Conclusion. A teacher’s portfolio is a unified database of a teacher’s personal and professional achievements, categorized according to specific blocks presented in electronic format. There are several types of portfolios: thematic, reflective, methodological, informational, research-based, and comprehensive ones. When compiling a portfolio, it is necessary to define its purpose, structure the material, regularly update the information contained within, adhere to university requirements, utilize modern information technologies, and include high-quality materials.

Introduction. Due to globalization processes occurring in modern society, the role of a foreign language in the development of a qualified specialist is increasing. The relevance of the research lies in the need to improve teaching methods for professionally oriented foreign languages at a technical university, given the limited number of hours allocated to this subject. Low academic motivation, insufficient language proficiency, and psychological barriers negatively impact students’ acquisition of professional vocabulary and the development of communicative competencies. The goal of the research is to develop effective methods for teaching professional terminology and to substantiate the need to combine cognitive and communicative approaches in teaching foreign languages at a technical university.
The materials and methods. Scientific and methodological literature have been reviewed, the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education, curricula, and work programs for specialized disciplines have been analyzed. Scientific methods, such as analysis, observation, generalization, and systematization have been used in the research.
The research results. The need to combine communicative and cognitive approaches in teaching professional vocabulary has been theoretically and practically substantiated. The positive impact of methods such as etymological analysis and glossary compilation on the development of cognitive abilities has been demonstrated. Strategies for presenting textual material and conducting group work at various stages of learning have been developed.
Discussion and Conclusion. Achieving high results in foreign language teaching at a technical university requires adherence to the principles of a communicative-cognitive approach, authenticity of educational materials, interdisciplinary integration, and maximum immersion in the professional environment. The proposed methods for teaching professional vocabulary are aimed at increasing learning motivation and developing linguistic and professional competencies.

Introduction. Studying the link between education and life expectancy is relevant for developing effective socio-economic and medical strategies aimed at improving public health, which are influenced by social factors. Education contributes to increased prosperity and longer life expectancy, as it fosters critical thinking skills and promotes more informed decision-making regarding health and lifestyle.
The materials and methods: The research involved a review of literary sources; statistical, comparative, and analytical methods were used; data on the impact of education level on the health and life expectancy of patients from the Research Institute – Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after Professor S.V. Ochapovsky, Krasnodar, were collected via a questionnaire survey conducted from April 1 to April 15, 2025.
The results. The study has proved that the level of education affects the prevalence of certain diseases. In particular, individuals with secondary education face cardiovascular and gastrointestinal pathologies more often than their peers with higher education. Among all respondents, diseases of the cardiovascular system (52.76%) are the most common, followed by diseases of the musculoskeletal system (12.33%), diabetes mellitus (11.83%), and gastrointestinal organs (10.06%). It is important to note that respondents with secondary education seek preventive medical check-ups less often than those with higher or specialized secondary education.
Discussion and conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data has revealed a direct link between the level of education and life expectancy. A higher educational status promotes a better understanding of health issues, more active use of medical resources, and the formation of a healthy lifestyle, which collectively leads to an increase in average life expectancy.

Introduction. The research problem lies in the absence of a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of the patriotic cinematic image of women and its connection with socio-political, demographic, and cultural changes in society. The aim of the study is to identify the dynamics of the patriotic female cinematic image from the 1890s to the 1980s and its relationship with socio-political and demographic processes. The scientific novelty consists in introducing the image of the female patriot, presented in domestic films and TV series, into sociological discourse, reflecting the sociopolitical, socio-demographic, sociocultural, and public agenda in a temporal perspective.
The materials and methods. The study utilized materials from the 1890s to the 1980s, available on the websites Film.ru, IMDb, KinoPoisk, and in the archive of the Russian State Film Fund. The research was conducted using methods of quantitative-qualitative content analysis, discursive interpretation, comparative-historical, visual, narrative, hermeneutic, and comparative analysis.
The results. The representation of the patriotic female cinematic image on the domestic screen undergoes a process of transformation. The female embodiment of a patriot evolves through a series of changes: from a woman-internationalist, a bearer of Soviet patriotism in military-heroic and labor dimensions, in historically socioculturally marked images of the past, in specialized professions and fields, to a subject of individual consumption.
Discussion and conclusion. The practical significance of the work lies in the potential use of its results for developing conceptual approaches to creating a modern image of women based on traditional values. The research logically continues with an analysis of the topic from the 1900s to the present day.

Introduction. The importance of public oversight in creating confidence of the government in society is linked to the importance of democratic principles, increased transparency in government activities, and the need to consider citizens' interests in decision-making. Public oversight mechanisms and the activities of public committees play a key role in building a constructive dialogue between government agencies and citizens. These institutions serve as a bridge, enabling the assessment of the effectiveness of decisions made at the local level and identifying the most pressing issues of public concern. Thanks to the work of public committees, it is possible not only to identify existing problems but also to develop specific proposals for their resolution, which ultimately leads to improved public administration. Public oversight contributes to increased public trust in government activities and ensures close interaction between the government and civil society institutions.
The materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is a systems approach and general methods of scientific inquiry, such as analysis, synthesis, and generalization.
The research results. The research results have shown that public oversight is implemented through the following main forms: public monitoring of government activities, public audits, public expert review, and other forms of interaction with government agencies. It has been established that public oversight has a significant impact on the public administration system by increasing civic engagement, ensuring transparency of government activities, protecting citizens' legitimate interests, combating corruption, and improving the quality of public administration.
Discussion and сonclusion. The practical significance of the research lies in its potential use in improving the regulatory framework, developing civil society institutions, establishing mechanisms for interaction between government and society, and training public administration specialists. Recommendations based on the research findings include strengthening legal protection for public oversight entities, expanding the range of public oversight forms, implementing modern digital technologies, developing a system for motivating citizen participation, and creating a unified information platform for public oversight. The study confirms that developing public oversight mechanisms is essential for building an open state that fosters lasting trust between government and society. The further development of this institution must take into account the contemporary challenges and opportunities of digitalization, while preserving the fundamental principles of democracy and civil society.

Introduction. The article analyzes the role of concert organizations and creative groups (musical, choreographic, vocal and instrumental, pop, etc.) in the formation of regional and national identities. This perspective, while seemingly insignificant for socio-political development, nevertheless allows us to understand and identify the untapped resources of these processes.
The materials and methods. An analysis of statutory regulations and a content analysis of official legal documents underpin the methodological approaches of the study, which was conducted over the past two years (2024–2025).
The results of the research. The research revealed that ideological levers in concert and artistic activities are practically unused in institutions and groups in the North Caucasus; they are not provided for in internal documents (charters) or organizational regulations. Groups with a titular ethnocultural focus predominate in the republics. Certain population groups, ranked second or third on the demographic map of the republics, are not represented in the artistic professional or amateur spheres. Artistic ties between the republics are weak, which does not contribute to the national identity. Symphonic art is most often represented by international examples, while performances of music by local composers in many republics are limited to isolated concerts. Overall, concert institutions fail to utilize the rich resource inherent in concert and artistic activities for the important work of shaping and preserving regional and national identities.
Discussion and conclusion. The article concludes with recommendations addressed to various government agencies aimed at fostering a sense of belonging to identical culture and national culture as a whole.

Introduction. The article examines the impact of remote and hybrid work arrangements on work-life balance in the Russian labor market. The aim of the research is to identify factors hindering this balance and develop recommendations for employers.
The materials and methods. The study was conducted in February 2025 among 100 mid- and lowlevel professionals living in Moscow and the Moscow region. It utilized descriptive statistics, crosstabulation, and content analysis of respondents’ recommendations and suggestions.
The results. The analysis identified key negative aspects of remote work: a lack of clear boundaries between work and leisure (68%) and constant employer interference in the employee’s life (28%). Regarding the overall impact of remote work on employees, 66% of respondents noted a positive impact on their lives. However, the difficulties encountered in remote work practices, according to respondents, reduced productivity. In these circumstances, employer support played a particularly important role, increasing job satisfaction (80% of positive ratings).
Discussion and сonclusion. The obtained results confirm the dual impact of remote work on worklife balance. Based on the obtained data, recommendations have been developed for employees on delineating work and non-working time, and for employers on optimizing communication and organizing the workspace, providing employees with resources to increase work efficiency. Thus, the study offers recommendations for optimizing workflow management in a remote work environment.