The article studies the emergence and functioning of secular city libraries of the Tobolsk province in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The methodological basis of the research is the universally recognized principles of historical science, i.e. scientific objectivity and historicism. The study also uses comparative and historical, comparative and typological and statistical methods. The archival materials and scientific literature have been used, and it has been shown that the above mentioned period was a rather favorable time for the development of librarianship in urban areas of the Tobolsk province. It was then a fairly stable library network was formed that in the studied region, which was composed of various types of libraries: libraries at educational institutions, museums, various public organizations, public, social and folk libraries. It has been revealed that most libraries, along with other cultural and educational institutions, played a significant role in the educational, scientific, and cultural and leisure activities of the urban population. The article pays attention to the problems that faced the development of librarianship in the region: poor material and technical base, lack of necessary specialists, limited ability to satisfy readers' requests, lack of financial support.

The article considers the historical experience of the formation of the first mountain verbal court in the Yekaterinodar uyezd of the Kuban region. In 1864 there was a need to strengthen the Russian influence on aul administrations due to the implementation of the judicial reform in the North Caucasus. Formation of the regional judicial system and the legal foundations of legal proceedings in the post-reform period is always of great interest to researchers. Knowing positive and negative examples in the historical experience of implementing reforms in various ethnic and religious communities is always relevant and is of particular importance for educating generations of young reformist administrators. In the article the author followed the principle of science and the principle of objectivity in conducting research, he used a corresponding wide range of sources on the history of the Adyghs (Circassians), which included a large amount of archival material, assuming a comprehensive coverage of historical facts on the problem. The principle of historicism also plays an important role in the study of the problem, which allowed us to consider the activities of the civil authorities of the Kuban region in the process of reforming the mountain judicial system in dynamics from actual events in specific historical conditions in close connection with the administrative policy of the state to theoretical considerations about their causes and consequences. The article reveals the activities of the civil authorities of the Kuban region to maintain a peaceful situation in the Circassian villages of the Yekaterinodar Uyezd and to prevent disturbances, provoked during the formation of the first composition of the Yekaterinodar Mountain Verbal Court. Disturbances in the Circassian villages were stopped and control over the village administrations was restored due to the efforts of Lieutenant General Karmalin. The author concludes that a certain periodicity of the outbursts of provocations that aroused the minds of residents of the Circassian villages were of foreign origin, generating more and more demands on the Russian authorities.

The article discusses a very relevant, important and complex multidimensional problem in the Russian historiography: the problem of Russian-Dagestan mutual influence in the first half of the 19th century, as well as the development of the agrarian policy of tsarism. As the Russian national state strengthened and grew, the question of the capture of the Caucasus and the Transcaucasian countries became one of the main tasks of the Russian autocracy. The promotion and conquest of the Caucasus in the XIX century was the only way to secure a strong position on the shores of the Caspian and Black Seas, which in turn was necessary for the struggle against Persia and Turkey. The history of the conquest of the Caucasus was continuous raids and punitive expeditions. The article examines the administrative and colonial policy of tsarism in Dagestan, examines the social and agrarian policy on the basis of a variety of historical and factual material identified in the archives of our country. The features of the policy of tsarism in the Caucasus have been revealed. Despite the various forms of its manifestation it retained its colonial essence. The process of accession of Dagestan to Russia has been studied, the process of the formation of new economic conditions, which are the basic factors in the process of Russian-Dagestan influence, has been traced. The forms and methods of formation of state land ownership and the land fund have been revealed on the basis of written sources.

Features of the North Caucasian Cossack uniform are currently of great interest to researchers, as it is an integral part of military life. In the first half of the XIX century the uniform of the Russian troops and Cossack regiments on the Caucasian Line was badly adapted to the local climate and geographical conditions. Officers combined items of their uniforms with the elements of a mountain suit, which created the ground for the reform of the army uniform; the same was observed in the Caucasian Cossack linear regiments, where the process of outfit unification was going on “according to the Circassian model”. The form of the Circassian model in the CLFCH was enshrined in the legislation on January 16, 1831; in 1840 - in ChCK. In the KKV formed on November 19, 1860, it was supposed to have two upper shoulder uniforms - a dress jacket (ceremonial half-caftan (robe)) of dark blue cloth and a Circassian coat of the same cut with a uniform. What, nevertheless, is the difference between the uniform (Circassian) and the Circassian robe? The preliminary work allowed us to conclude that the unifying element of the objects under the general name “Circassian” (a uniform, in particular, a Circassian robe) was only the presence of cartridge belt and V-shaped cut; the outfit of the North Caucasian Cossacks changed according to the regulations of the War Department, and its constructive and technological solution, in our opinion, was built in accordance with the constructive and technological features of the general army uniform.

Continuous improvement and modernization of higher education educational programs that meet the requirements of modern pharmaceutical industry, correlated with the quality training of highly qualified pharmaceutical personnel, predetermines the progressive dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation. The introduction of the new regulatory documentation into the practice of Russian higher education institutions has led not only to a conceptually new approach to regulating the educational process in the specialty “Pharmacy”, but also created the prerequisites for constructing a meaningful pyramid of professional competencies of a specialist of this field. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to comply with the competence content of educational programs implemented in the “Pharmacy” specialty, with the requirements of business entities in the pharmaceutical industry for graduates of this field, taking into account adaptation of international standards to the realities of the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Today great importance is attached not only to the theoretical training of pharmacists, but also to the sustainable formation of their professional competencies. An important problem is the alignment of the content of educational programs developed and implemented by higher education institutions in terms of their competence-based content with the main trends in Russian pharmaceutical education. The following research methods were used: a formalized method for analysis, analysis of regulatory and methodological documents, an epistemological method. Conceptually new provisions that determined changes in the development of work programs in the disciplines of the pharmaceutical focus have been studied. A more professionally oriented approach has been revealed regarding general educational disciplines including replacing general cultural competencies with universal ones; increase regulation of the results of mastering the discipline and ways of achieving them (introduction of achievement indicators).

The article discusses the issues of continuous professional development of an English teacher of a specialized university using the example Institute of Water Transport named after G.Ya. Sedov. The purpose of the research is to justify the importance and need for continuous professional development of an English teacher at a maritime university in order to improve the quality of English-language training of seafarers and fulfill the order of modern business in the field of maritime transport. The main attention is paid to identifying the features of professional development of an English teacher which should be developed in 3 directions within the framework of lifelong learning concept. Scientific novelty consists in the development of areas of continuous professional development of an English teacher at a maritime university. As a result, the need for continuous professional development of an English teacher at a maritime university was determined to be due to the growing business requirements for the quality of the English-language training of a sailor; demand for the provision of quality educational services, which entails an increase in the rating of teachers and the university; development of higher education towards the introduction of new information technologies and the ability to work remotely, creating a virtual space for communication.

The relevance of the article is due to the weakly expressed motivation of doctors for psychological and pedagogical activity. The research problem is the state of studying pedagogical aspects of adoctor’s activity with domestic dissertation research. The purpose of the research is to show the main directions of research activity on the formation of readiness of future doctors for psychological and pedagogical activity based on the analysis of the research fund. The objective of the study is to reveal the essence of scientific approaches to the study of aspects of the pedagogical activity of a doctor and the prospects of research activity in this field. The research methodology is a set of the following methods of scientific knowledge analysis, synthesis, generalization. The results of the research. The article examines the current state of the study of pedagogical aspects of doctor’s activity in domestic dissertation research presented in the section “Abstracts of dissertations” of the Unified Electronic Resource of the Russian State Library, which made it possible to fix the given semantic units of the studied scientific and pedagogical content and analyze them, clarify the definitions of various pedagogical categories, replenishing their content line and designing further relevant research. Key findings. A substantial analysis of the thematic clusters presented in the article allows us to conclude that the process of turning to this issue is not intensive, orderly and methodologically secure and requires further comprehensive study in the theoretical and methodological field of both Pedagogical and Psychological sciences.

In modern conditions the quality of education in higher education is considered in the context of increasing the competitiveness of academic staff. The system of professional education at a university imposes certain requirements on a teacher and the quality of his work, which is the basis for the rating of the activities of academic staff. The research problem is to identify mechanisms for assessing the quality of labor of a university academic staff as a driving force of material incentives. The purpose of the research is to analyze and generalize the experience of developing and implementing a rating assessment of the work of academic staff, which underlies an effective contract. The methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, generalization have been used. The result of the research is substantiation of the principles for evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of the Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism academic staff. Key findings: basic criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the academic staff have been described, an example of the introduction of an effective contract for the teaching staff at a particular university has been given; a rating assessment of the effectiveness of teachers in a particular university has been considered. The results can be extrapolated to the practice of developing a matrix of performance indicators for teachers of other higher educational institutions.

The relevance of the research is associated with the rapid development of the Internet and information technologies. This fact has greatly simplified the ability to access a variety of information resources. Along with the huge positive impact of this phenomenon on the development of modern society, serious problems have arisen related to the unfair use of information [6]. In particular, this is the illegal attribution of authorship to another's work or incorrect borrowing of a part of it (the so-called plagiarism problem) [12]. This phenomenon is especially widespread among students. Among students such a method of writing works as copying materials from the Internet with minimal editing is common. Currently, teachers are actively using online services to verify the uniqueness of the work. These are text borrow detection systems that easily block work due to low originality. To increase the “originality” of the work, some students use the anti-plagiarism-killer program (a program to hide the detection of text borrowings). There are services offering to make the text 75-99 per cent “original” [4]. A search for information on this issue revealed a lack of modern specialized literature and relevant knowledge among university teachers. Thus, the development of modern technologies for detecting traces of programs to hide the detection of text borrowings seems to be very relevant. The purpose of the research is to identify the capabilities of the anti-plagiarism-killer program to level the operation of the “Anti-plagiarism.vuz” system, to develop a technology for identifying jobs that have been processed by the anti-plagiarism killer program. The research methods used are analysis of the problem situation, methods of the theory of information retrieval, information processing and pattern recognition. The results and key findings: the article describes the most common technical methods of circumventing the anti-plagiarism system and methods for their detection. The material was prepared on the example of the popular text editor Microsoft Word and the most popular online anti-plagiarism. Vuz. service. Key conclusions about the imperfection of the anti-plagiarism.vuz online service have been made, the need for its further improvement and the warning against the use of anti-plagiarism-killer programs have been noted. The need has been identified to constantly improve information culture and deepen knowledge in the field of information technology by university teachers.

In modern conditions training of highly qualified specialists is not possible without a thorough training of their Russian language. The discipline “The Russian language and culture of speech” includes a section devoted to the functional and style differentiation of the modern Russian literary language. The study of the scientific style of speech is an important part of the “Russian Language and Speech Culture” course. The relevance of the study of scientific speech is justified by the fact that at the present stage of society development in the context of an intensive increase in the volume of scientific knowledge and development of various fields of science and technology, there is an urgent need for the exchange of relevant scientific information. The research problem is consideration and analysis of specific features and functions of the scientific style, situations of scientific communication and methodological aspects of teaching the scientific style of students in a non-philological university. The purpose of the research is to review and analyze scientific and methodological literature, as well as the degree of development of the methodology for the studied problems. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that the introduction of active communicative teaching methods and techniques in the educational process, both written and oral scientific speech, will qualitatively increase the level of Russian language proficiency of future specialists.

The persistent difficulties of re-socialization of released citizens actualize the need for research that goes beyond a narrow legal focus. Sociological approach to the study of inclusive practices in relation to citizens with a criminal record is another step towards an expanded vision of the problem and formation of effective mechanisms for their resocialization. The article analyzes the institutional and mental conditions that promote or oppose the formation of a positive adaptation of former convicts to social conditions outside the prison system, consider similar foreign experience, reveal the role of mental attitudes of law-abiding citizens in creating optimizing conditions for the re-socialization of people who have served their sentences in the correctional system. The author says that modern Russian society is faced with a new social problem - the need to create an inclusive space released citizens, to design and expand effective mechanisms for its implementation and strengthening. Therefore, the most important aspect of the scientific and practical understanding of inclusion will be the assessment of social relations formed under the influence of the mental properties of the society, its worldview, cultural stereotypes and traditions. The author concludes that the success of their inclusion is determined not only by the subjective properties of a particular person, but also by the mental attitudes of society.

The author attempts to determine the place of the intellectuals in the social structure of the information society and the main tasks facing the intellectuals in such a difficult turning point. This fact determines the relevance of the research topic. The aim of the research is to identify main features, functions and mission of the intellectuals of the modernity. Transition to the information age leads to the transformations in all spheres of human life: economic, political, social, spiritual. The article considers the humanistic transformation of a technogenic society caused by the need to preserve spiritual and moral values and culture as a whole. The special role of intellectuals in this process is emphasized. The analysis of the works of famous theoreticians of the information society allows us to conclude that Western futurologists practically do not use the concept of “intelligentsia” in their works, preferring concepts such as “intellectuals”, “technocrats”. Russian scientists, on the contrary, note their own path of entry into the “noosphere” and assign intellectuals a central place. The author defines the intelligentsia as a spiritual and moral elite, consisting of intellectuals with a high moral position, and its main purpose is to counter the dominance of consumer mass culture in the process of spiritual and moral healing of the nation.

The article considers the scientific approaches to the phenomenon of adaptation, social adaptation and concepts derived from them, as well as essential characteristics of these concepts. The research addresses strategies of the adaptation process, and presents four types of human adaptation: biological, physiological, psychological and social ones. The concepts of socialization and adaptation have been compared. The qualities of an adapted person, his needs, his attitude to the social environment have been investigated. Attention is focused on the process of social adaptation as a way to master social norms and as an initial stage of successful socialization. The process of adaptation is closely interconnected with the process of personal development, and adaptability is an indicator of the development of the qualities and properties of the personality and his/her adaptive abilities. It is concluded that adaptation in the system of humanities knowledge is one of the significant categories that reveals the possibility and necessity of an individual to adapt to changing living conditions, which is the main condition for the stability of the social system and its development. Each scientific discipline considers it in its own subject field: Philosophy -in general theoretical plane, Psychology- at the level of the intensity of a person’s mental reactions to external influences, Sociology -in the aspect of influencing the stability of the social system at all its levels.

The article discusses providing state and municipal services in the assessment of entrepreneurs in the region. Monitoring data “Assessment of citizens' satisfaction with the quality of state and municipal services in the Republic of Kalmykia”, has been used as empirical material. The monitoring was conducted by the sociological research department of the BSI the RK “Institute for the Integrated Research of Arid Territories”. The main research method used was a questionnaire survey. 500 respondents, recipients of state and municipal services, made up total sample. Entrepreneurs or their representatives, who received state or municipal services in the field of entrepreneurship were the target audience of the study. As a result, the sample of respondents amounted to 10.8 % of the total sample. The survey was conducted in six districts of the Republic and the city of Elista. The aim of the research was to determine the level of satisfaction with the quality of state and municipal services in the field of entrepreneurship and its individual indicators. Along with the evaluation of indicators presented: information sources, average waiting time, the actual number of calls, the article also reflects the final monitoring data, which revealed a positive trend in the average number of calls to the authority to receive services in the field of entrepreneurship, which on average should not exceed two times.