At present investigation of the regional history, which is an element of all-Russian and world processes, has acquired particular relevance, as it makes it possible to soak up the national culture, form national identity, and preserve socio-cultural values and traditions of the people. Relations between the Circassians and the Crimean Khanate developed during the 15th - 18th centuries and were ambiguous. The research considers the features of the dynamic, contradictory relations of the Circassians (the Adyghs) with the Crimean Khanate. In the research an attempt has been made to characterize the methods of spreading influence in Circassia used by the Ottoman Empire government and the khans of the Girey dynasty. Considerable attention is paid to military aggression, and, to diametrically opposed mechanisms for regulating relations between the Circassians and the Crimean Khanate, such as atalism and dynastic marriages of the Crimean khans and the Circassian girls. The article uses chronological problematic, idiographic and retrospective methods of historical knowledge. The author concludes that Circassia occupied a special place in the foreign policy of the Crimean Khanate. Specific nature of the relationships based on a mutual desire to stabilize them, consisted in the use of various methods of achievement.

He article investigates the supply of agricultural products of the Krasnodar Territory during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the issue is caused by constant discussions about the significance of the contribution of domestic supplies of agricultural products to the Great Victory. The documents that has formed the basis of the article are kept in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RSAE). The total amount of agricultural products of the Krasnodar Territory supplied to the state in 1941-1945 is determined using the archival sources. The author demonstrates the dynamics of the supply of all food products. The principles of historicism, objectivity, scientific character and consistency have become the basis of this article. Historical-comparative, historical-genetic and statistical methods have been also used in the article. The author has concluded that the collective farm-state farming system in the countryside managed to provide the Red Army and the Soviet people with the necessary amount of bread, potatoes, vegetables, meat, milk, eggs, etc.

The problem of the «northern territories» in the relations between the USSR / Russia and Japan is a kind of echo of the Second World War, which makes itself felt up to the present time. The territorial issue between Moscow and Tokyo has turned into an anachronism, which Russia and Japan have been unable to overcome despite their efforts. In the article the works of Russian scientists have been analyzed and an attempt has been made to consider the key aspects of the historiography of the issue, including the discrepancy between points of view on its specific components. The author of the article studies the scientific works of domestic researchers on the topic and highlights the time of the emergence of the territorial dispute between the USSR and Japan; title documentation regulating the territorial delimitation between the USSR and Japan after the Second World War; points of view on the attachment of the legal rights of the Soviet Union to the Kuril Islands. Moreover, the assessments of Moscow’s refusal to sign the San Francisco Treaty of 1951; alternative points of view of researchers on the historical and legal foundations of the USSR and Japan to possess the Kuriles; pluralism of opinions regarding the belonging of Shikotan and Habomai to the Kuril Islands; whether the rights of the USSR / Russia to possess the Kuril Islands are vulnerable; views on the degree of importance of solving the territorial problem for Japan, etc. have been considered.

The article examines the results of the work of the commission for the analysis of the estate rights of the Kuban highlanders in the Yekaterinodar and Maykop districts, when it became necessary to determine the official status of the Circassian elites and equate them with the Russian nobility after the implementation of peasant and judicial reforms in the North Caucasus. Understanding the problem by the Russian officials of the Kuban region and the attitude of the Circassian elites themselves to it in the post-reform period always arouses interest among domestic researchers. Knowledge of positive and negative examples from the historical experience of implementing reforms in various ethnic and confessional communities in Russia is always relevant and is of particular importance for the education of future generations of the Russians. The article reveals the activities of the civil authorities of the Kuban region to maintain a calm situation in the Circassian villages and prevent the spread of riots in the Maykop district, provoked at the very beginning of the work of the commission to analyze the class rights of the mountaineers. The author concluded that the civil administration of the Kuban region was against the granting of any privileged rights to the Circassian princes and nobles, suggesting that the privileged estates of the indigenous peoples of the Northwestern Caucasus should be left unchanged, even more both the Circassian princes themselves and the noblemen of the Yekaterinodar and Maykop districts were in no hurry to apply for recognition of their noble origin.

The article examines the emigration of residents of the closed administrative-territorial formations (ZATO) of the nuclear industry in the 1990s. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the basic principles of scientific historical research - the principles of objectivity and historicism. Particular attention waspaid to the trends in emigration processes, the structure of the outgoing flow, directions of departure. It was shown that the radical modernizing transformations of the late 20th century led to the fact that the inhabitants of Russia, including closed cities, were fully involved in global processes of international migration. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the 1990s, emigration from the closed administrative territories of the nuclear industry was relatively limited in scale. The emigration flow reached its peak in 1996, after which it began to decline. During the period under study, about 60% of ZATO residents emigrated for the purpose of permanent residence abroad. Mostly young people (up to forty years old) left the country. Dissatisfaction with the possibilities of realizing creative and scientific potential has led to intellectual emigration («brain drain»).

The development of health care in Adygea during the post-war five-year plans is considered. Despite the difficulties of the recovery period, the state considered one of the priority tasks to protect the health of the population. It was necessary not only to restore, but also to improve the quality of diagnostic and medical care in the shortest possible time. In the article the implementation of these tasks by the Adygoblzdrav department has been considered on the basis of the analysis of archival materials. The high rates of construction and expansion of the network of medical institutions in the post-war years in Adygea were demonstrated. Much attention was paid to the organization of specialized assistance. Advances in medical science and technology made it possible to conduct deeper examinations of patients and apply new methods of treatment. It became mandatory for doctors to plan for specialization and professional development. The network of medical institutions was expanding, new ones were being actively put into operation: the regional hospital, children’s, infectious diseases, as well as gynecological, neurosurgical, traumatological, etc. departments. It was concluded that, despite the economic difficulties, the Soviet state paid great attention to protecting the people’s health, considering it one of the most important social functions. This formulation of the problem at the state level and the high responsibility of the regional authorities in the use of state allocations made it possible to build an effective system of medical service in Adygea during the Soviet power era.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the national and cultural life of the Tatar diaspora in the Northwest China has not been the subject of the research. The research interest is also caused by the fact that the history of the formation and development of the Tatar diaspora, everyday, spiritual, educational and cultural life has not been studied at all and is of particular interest to researchers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article examines the process of formation of Tatar theaters and string orchestras in the cities of Kuldzha and Chuguchak for the first time, where the bulk of Tatar emigrants lived. Particular attention was paid to the role of Tatar theaters in the life of indigenous and visiting peoples of the XUAR of the PRC. The purpose of the work is to study and systematize the national and cultural life of the Tatars of Xinjiang. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the creation of theaters and string orchestras has contributed to the rallying of the Tatars, as well as the preservation of the native language, literature, traditions, culture and identity of the people, which is also a very important factor in preserving identity among the local population of Xinjiang.

The desire to have a better grip of the history and to interpret the causes and nature of certain social phenomena is characteristic of humanity at all stages of development. Expansion of cognitive capabilities of historical research, the creation of new units in the mental lexicon allow us to increase the range of vision of history, to give the understanding of the past a holistic, more capacious understanding. Translation of history in the context of many sciences creates resources for the emergence of generally accepted attitudes into a different semantic dimension, filling them with more weighty argumentation. In the modern scientific space historical geography appears to be a promising territory, given a certain conditionality of the development of society at all stages of the existence influenced by the natural-geographical factor. In the early stages of human development the existence of people depended on the characteristics of nature to a much greater extent than today. Nevertheless, modern civilization, despite the scientific progress, has not managed to distance itself from the influence of nature and is still interconnected with it by many threads. This general situation is fully true for the Circassians, the borders of the territory, which were deliberately created by nature itself for the conservation of the population within its natural limits. In this regard, the subject of the research is the problem of the influence of the natural-geographical factor on the historical process of the Circassians. The object of the research is the peculiarities of the geography of the region, reflecting the degree of the role of the natural environment in the formation of the Adygh ethnos. The aim of the research is to analyze the nature of the interaction and conditionality of the Adygeyan history by the natural environment, rightfully recognized as one of the most ancient and unique cradles of the landscape map of our country. To achieve this goal tasks were set related to the analysis of the content, orientation and mediation of the progressive development of the Circassians by the peculiarities of the natural environment. In this research the understanding of the sought problem is based on the ideas of major philosophers, historians, sociologists, and cultural scientists. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, which allows us to see new facets in understanding many phenomena of the Adyghe history, to give them a value characteristic

The systemic transformation of the Russian society in modern market conditions assigns a special role to economic sciences, which form the economic outlook of citizens. The continuous improvement of the quality of economic education in general and methods of teaching economic disciplines, in particular, seems to be undeniably relevant. In the context of a two-level education system in the Russian Federation, the theoretical unpreparedness and dogmatic practical orientation of graduates of economic training areas is completely unacceptable. In this aspect the role of a teacher in the educational process and the use of modern educational technologies and their constant improvement are especially significant. The above mentioned circumstances determine the relevance of the topic of the study. The research substantiates the need for continuous improvement of an integrated approach to teaching economic disciplines, systematizes the experience of teaching economic disciplines in Russian higher educational institutions. The article proposes a new understanding of the process of improving teaching methods of economic disciplines and improving the quality of economic knowledge of students, the author’s list of methods of teaching economic disciplines is given. The following research methods have been used: a formalized method for parsing and analyzing methodological developments, systematization and data synthesis.

The relevance of the study consists in the fact that pedagogical thought, experience of teaching and upbringing of many generations and of multinational people made it possible to create a modern education system in Russia. An appeal to the pedagogical thought of enlighteners of the past and a critical rethinking of the historical experience of organizing education will contribute to improving the quality of education and achieve better results in educating the young generation. Turning to the history of pedagogical thought and upbringing experience will reveal the pedagogical values that have been forgotten, but are relevant for modern education, which will expand our ideas about the great thinkers of the past. Modern education reforms actualize the need to refer to the past experience of organizing training and education, as well as pedagogical thought, which will prevent numerous mistakes in the education system. The pedagogical thought of the great enlighteners of the past has always been and remains relevant at all times, for their correctness has been proven by time. The pedagogical thought and practice of education during the period of historical changes in Russia in 1920-30-s are of particular relevance. During this period of historical development of social and political life, the education system is also radically changing, which is significant for its great thinkers and educators who are called upon to organize education, instill cultural values in the young generation, and reveal all the wealth and effectiveness of national education. The problem of the research is to study the pedagogical heritage and practical activities of the educators of the early 20th century, in particular, G. Gubaidullin, who left a bright trace in the history of Tatar pedagogical thought. The purpose of the research is to reveal the practical pedagogical activity of the Tatar educator G. Gubaidullin, which was later theoretically generalized and reflected in pedagogical essays. In the course of the research the following methods have been applied: study of archival materials, manuscripts, theoretical literature; comparison of the pedagogical heritage of the past and the modernity; analysis of practical activities and pedagogical heritage of the educator; induction and deduction. The research results and key conclusions are the following: the pedagogical idea and experience of educating the young generation at the beginning of the 20th century have been proposed on the example of creativity and activities of the Tatar educator and teacher G. Gubaidullin for studying pedagogical educational institutions, the history of Pedagogy and education, theory and methods of educational work in the direction of preparation of 44.03.01 «Pedagogical education».

The relevance of the research is predetermined by one of the most difficult and pressing problems in the education this year, namely the emergency transition of educational organizations to a distance learning format in due to the pandemic and self-isolation. The research problem is caused by the collision of the education system with the unprecedented challenge of the urgent and large-scale transfer of the educational process to the online format, which exposed many permanent and new problems, while giving an «impetus» to the development of distance education in the field of higher and professional education. The purpose of the research is an overview of the problems of distance learning identified during the implementation of educational programs in online format during a pandemic and the search for ways to solve them. The research methods used are analysis, analogy, generalization. The results of the research include the description of the main difficulties and problems of distance learning during the pandemic; a number of tasks that require solutions to optimize the use of information and communication technologies in education, both in a single educational organization and in the education system as a whole; some options for solving the problems of using distance learning. Key findings are the following: the pandemic and the associated self-isolation accelerated dramatically the global transformation of the entire education system, forced complex adaptation processes in education, primarily in distance education, associated with changes not only in the forms and methods of teaching, but also in the consciousness of teachers and students, which requires further comprehensive studying both these processes themselves and the conditions for their development.

Modern education and upbringing is characterized by qualitatively new requirements imposed by educational standards, not only for the content of the educational process, but also for the development of students’ personal qualities. The implementation of these requirements occurs in the process of improving the speech culture of primary schoolchildren. Thus, the development of speech culture of students in general and its expressiveness, in particular, is becoming one of the urgent problems of modern language education. One of the means of forming the expressiveness of speech is its metaphor. The mastery of the metaphor by primary schoolchildren as a way of transferring the name of one object to another with any similar sign develops their imaginative thinking, expands their vocabulary, develops the ability to select words, makes speech more spatial and fulfilling. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to form the speech culture of primary school children on the basis of the metaphorical nature of speech and the lack of undeveloped relevant scientifically grounded learning systems that make it possible to put this provision into practice. The purpose of the article is to determine some theoretical provisions of the problem and to present a methodological system for the formation of the speech culture of primary schoolchildren on the basis of the metaphorical nature of speech. The research methods used are theoretical analysis, analysis of the products of students’ activity, fixation of the educational process, pedagogical experiment. The authors presented the following provisions: the concepts of «speech culture», «expressiveness of speech», «metaphor» have been clarified; the indicators of the formation of skills in the field of metaphorical speech in junior schoolchildren have been determined, a methodological system for the formation of speech culture based on the metaphoricity of speech has been developed, the effectiveness of the proposed methodological system has been experimentally proved. The conclusions: the problem of improving the speech culture of students and, in particular, its expressiveness on the basis of metaphor is quite wide and diverse. Knowledge in the field of metaphorical speech helps younger students to achieve a higher level of development of speech culture.

The article analyzes the problems of communicative interaction between the internal affairs bodies and the media. Since their appearance in the structure of government bodies in the late 1980s, press centers and press services have provided information support for specific events and long-term interaction with media representatives. These divisions (both at the federal and regional levels) have become a link between government authorities and the media and begun to play an important role in the state information space. By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0162 of June 10, 1983, a press bureau was created in the structure of the central apparatus of the department, that was responsible for the information policy of the department. In the regional departments political divisions were formed, which included press services as a structural unit. The work of an inspector responsible for interaction with the media and informing the public was aimed at promoting legal knowledge, as well as creating a positive image of employees of the internal affairs bodies. Modern public relations in the internal affairs department is a management activity that involves interaction, organized using public relations technologies, with a mandatory feedback channel.

Rapid socio-cultural changes taking place in our country entail an inalienable modernization of all spheres of the material and spiritual life of society. This process has not bypassed the traditional education system. Every day the new concept of higher education makes more and more new requirements for the system of training specialists. A kind of «swing» from technical to humanitarian education is a rather old phenomenon, and today, apparently, the creators of artificial intelligence receive a clear priority in the development of educational programs for training specialists of any direction. «New challenges» of modern society entail new problems, one of them, in our opinion, is changes in the world of values. Therefore, the upbringing of deep respect for the culture of other peoples, the formation of the value-semantic component of the life of the young generation is the most relevant direction in education, which is adequately handled by one of the subsystems of Pedagogics - Ethnopedagogics. The aim of the study is to analyze Ethnopedagogics as a humanitarian resource of the education system. The multidimensional nature of the problem has made it possible to use the methods of interdisciplinary synthesis to form an interconnected complex of ideas about Ethnopedagogics as an integral and diverse scientific knowledge.

The research is aimed at identifying the problems of large families in the region, determining the role of the state in solving them, as well as studying the reasoned proposals of large families to expand and improve measures of state social support. The relevance of the topic is due not only to the important role of large families in the structure of its institution and society as a whole, but also to the fact that in the current socio-economic conditions it becomes almost impossible for the independent existence of this category without state support. In order to identify the optimal directions of the state social family policy, empirical sociological data have been obtained using the method of sociological survey of a sample of large families in the Republic of Adygea. The results have made it possible to identify the most effective measures of state support for large families, as well as, to improve social support programs, to identify contradictions and shortcomings of the current system that require further improvement. At the same time, solving the problem of social financing, highlighted by the respondents as a priority, cannot fully eliminate the remaining problems of large families, and insufficient attention to the issues of employment and education of the studied category will create the basis for the formation of a dependent behavior.

The article presents a sociological analysis of a topical research problem related to the study of the specifics of social adaptation of university teachers of pre-retirement age. A focused interview method was used (a qualitative strategy was used). The respondents were university professors aged 58 to 64 (women and men, respectively, of pre-retirement age). The research was of a pilot nature; it pursued the goal of collecting preliminary primary information on the problem of social adaptation of teachers of pre-retirement age working in higher educational institutions. As a result of the study, the following results were achieved: respondents are much more concerned about the difficulties of adapting to the status of a «teacher of pre-retirement age» than to the changes in their health status; the overwhelming majority of respondents would like to continue their professional activities when they reach retirement age; the main factor influencing the fulfillment of the obligatory scientometric indicators by teachers is a favorable moral and psychological climate in the work collective and cooperation between members of the teaching staff of different age groups. The potential of personnel development in the higher education system is, among other things, in the successful social and professional adaptation and cooperation of teachers with different teaching experience.