The relevance of the research. The emergence of pandemics in the modern society creates the need to study the historical experience of the conditions for the emergence, development and elimination of epidemics.

The purpose of the research is to consider the social and medical aspects of epidemics of various origin in the pre-revolutionary Maikop. The research objectives are to analyze the health status of the population of Maikop in the period from 1870 to 1917; to study the dynamics of fertility, mortality and number of population; to imagine the life conditions and activities of people; to assess the social, economic and epidemiological situation in the given period; to consider the level of the development of urban medicine and ways to deal with epidemics. The historical-typological, comparative, and statistical research methods have been used.

The research results. Between 1871 and to 1917 in the city of Maikop the population almost quadrupled due to high birth rates (the average birth rate was 50.6%) and numerous migrants. The city survived two large epidemics: in 1872 - that of smallpox, cholera and malaria, in 1892 – cholera and in the same years there was an excess of mortality over births. The sanitary condition of the city of Maikop was poor, the first water pipe was built only in 1911, most households were represented by wooden and adobe houses with courtyards. The inhabitants of the city raised cattle, and were engaged in gardening and arable farming. A minority of the townspeople were factory workers, some traded.

Due to the low standard of living, diseases such as malaria, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, typhoid recurred annually, and due to the lack of doctors, hospitals, and medicines, they claimed the lives of people. The average mortality rate (excluding years with epidemics) was 35.4%.

The conclusions. More than 45 socially and epidemiologically difficult years have passed since the foundation of the city of Maikop until the revolution. City medicine developed slowly, during all this time one hospital, two outpatient clinics and an infectious disease barracks were built. There was one health worker per 1384 inhabitants.

Sultan Khan-Giray is the author of a number of scientific works and literary texts, which reflect almost all facets of the Adyghe culture of the first half of the 19th century. One of the cultural phenomena of historical Circassia, to which Khan-Giray pays special attention, is the institute of fosterage (atalychestvo), mentioned by him in a number of works. It is noteworthy that despite the existence of a complete edition of Khan-Giray's works, no special works have appeared so far (neither in the field of history of Pedagogy, nor in the field of Adyghe Ethnography or source studies) in which fosterage (atalychestvo) would be considered as one of the most important areas of the research and literary activity of this outstanding scientist and writer. The main purpose of the research is to identify all the fragments of Khan-Giray's texts (in which he mentioned fosterage (atalychestvo) as a social institution or as a form of intergenerational transmission in an aristocratic environment), as well as systematization of the main issues actualized by Khan-Giray in the course of his coverage of the essence and functions of the Adyghe fosterage (atalychestvo). The research methods used are source studies, historical-typological, and comparative methods. In the course of the research, the authors identified and characterized all the episodes of Khan-Giray's appeal to the problem of fosterage (atalychestvo) in his scientific works, literary works and political texts. It has been noted that Khan-Giray looks at fosterage (atalychestvo) through the prism of a scientific approach, while subjecting it to reflection, as a representative of the Circassian aristocracy, who went through the school of elitist education from the foster father (atalyk) in his childhood.

Digital resources today are reliably included in the practice of managerial and educational activities of the education system at all levels. The digital transformation of education is considered among the strategic directions for the development of the institution of education, which involves the development of priority ways to expand the scale and improve the quality of the use of information technologies in the educational space. Digital service in education is assigned the role of changing the quality of life by opening up new opportunities for the provision of educational services in the context of globalization. This circumstance actualizes the expediency of the research. The problem of the research is to identify the current directions of the digital transformation of education in the context of globalization. The purpose of the study: to identify current areas of digital transformation of education as a means of improving the quality of educational services. The achievement of this goal was facilitated by the use of a set of research methods: analysis of scientific research and information sources on the Internet, generalization, methods of visual presentation of the data obtained. The results and key conclusions: the prerequisites for the digital transformation of education in modern conditions are substantiated; the concept of "digital transformation of education" has been considered; current areas of digital transformation of education and examples of their use in the educational process have been reviewed; attention is focused on the positive effect of the practice of integrating traditional learning with innovative digital solutions; the conclusion has been formulated about the prospects for the active introduction of digital services in education as an integral component of the technological and structural modernization of the digital society.

The relevance of the research is due to the process of active implementation of multimedia technologies in the learning process. However, the possibilities and didactic potential of multimedia technologies are often exaggerated. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to systematize the effects of the multimedia introduction process and formulate the conditions for the effective use of these technologies in the framework of a foreign language course for students of non-linguistic specialties.

The following methods of theoretical analysis have been used in the research: axiomatic, deduction, analysis and synthesis.

The results of the research have shown that multimedia makes it possible to adapt the educational process to the student's cognitive patterns, constructively influence his/her emotional background and motivation for learning. The negative effects of using multimedia are associated with a high level of cognitive load in a student, distraction of attention, a shift in attention from the content of the studied material to its form, and, as a result, the lack of consistency in the perception of information. The objective reasons for the decrease in the level of effectiveness of multimedia technologies include: their natural limitations in solving didactic problems, technical support for the implementation of multimedia courses, the level of competence of teachers in the use of these technologies.

As a result of the research, the authors have concluded that the pedagogical design of the course based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the taxonomy of pedagogical goals should become the basis for making decisions about the amount of use and quality requirements of multimedia technologies.

Professional activity in the digital environment is an integral component of modern life in Industry 4.0. The success of the formation of digital competence of an individual in modern realities is largely determined by the level of digital culture of a teacher himself as a translator of the values of the digital society. In this regard, the problem of the research can be formulated as follows: what are the theoretical approaches to substantiating the category of "digital culture" in modern pedagogical discourse?

The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of the concept of "digital culture" as an actual pedagogical category. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, differentiation, description.

The results of the study are based on the analysis and synthesis of derivatives of the definition of "digital culture". Theoretical approaches to the content of the concept of "digital culture" as an innovative component of the teacher's professional activity have been presented; the concept of "digital culture" has been clarified; the basic components of a teacher's digital culture have been proposed.

The key conclusions are the following: derivatives of the definition of "digital culture" are "digital literacy", "digital competence", ICT culture; The digital culture of a teacher is understood as the formation of the necessary skills for successful functioning in mixed reality, including the skills of safe and effective work with content, communication with other users in the electronic educational environment, search and consumption of information, continuous improvement, motivational and value attitude to the digital service, providing ergonomic functioning in the new digital educational space; the basic components of a teacher's digital culture are: digital literacy, ICT competencies, motivational-value attitude.

The importance of the digital transformation of an educational institution is due to global trends in the spread of digital tools in all spheres of public life. The digital environment today is the most powerful driver of educational services, changing its content, technological and organizational content. The study of the main strategic guidelines for the digital transformation of an educational institution will help deepen further research in the direction of solving the problematic issues of introducing digital tools in this area, which actualizes the feasibility of the research. The research problem is: what are the main strategic guidelines for the digital transformation of modern education as a driver for the promotion of educational services? The purpose of the research is to identify relevant guidelines for the introduction of digital tools in the field of education. The methodological basis of the study is the general scientific cognition methods: analysis of sources in the eLibrary, generalization.

The results of the study are the following: analysis of the content of the concept of "digital transformation of education" has made it possible to clarify its characteristics (digital service as an environment, digital service as a process), to identify structural components (digital tools, digital educational technologies, digital traces as the results of educational and pedagogical activities), to identify strategic landmarks of education in modern conditions (digital university, digital education, digital campus, digital stakeholders).

The key conclusions are the digital model of higher education is the most powerful driver of educational services in the modern digital space and the beginning of a new digital paradigm.

According to many researchers, digital service is a driver of educational activity, especially in the era of globalization. The article considers the problems of digital service using in the process of teaching English. The main types of information technologies have been interpreted, and their main pedagogical goals identified within the framework of the targeted approach to teaching. The main information resources (websites) for learning English has been provided, as well as an approximate lesson plan using information technology.

The research problem is what are the possibilities of using digital services to improve the effectiveness of learning English? The purpose of the research is to determine the main tools of a digital service for the use in English lessons. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific methods of cognition: analysis of Internet sources, generalization.

The results of the research are the following: methodologically valuable websites that can be used in the process of teaching English have been chosen, a methodological development of a seminar in English using electronic resources has been presented, which contributes to increasing the interest of students, the availability of training, and improving the quality of the educational process.

The authors have concluded that the described resources of the digital service can be put into practice and introduced into seminars and lectures, which will contribute to a more effective assimilation of language skills by students.

Due to the implementation of the 3.0 University model, a technological university becomes an important structural component of the process of business development and technological entrepreneurship. The transfer of knowledge, characteristic of the 2.0 University model, is becoming insufficient, there is an objective need for a fundamental change in the traditional model of organizing student's individual work based on the integration of innovative teaching methods and a transdisciplinary approach.

The research problem is integration of innovative methods of organizing independent study work in the process of teaching a professionally oriented foreign language.

The purpose of the research is to reveal the potential of innovative methods for organizing individual work in foreign language teaching in a technological university.

Method of selection, generalization and dissemination of advanced pedagogical experience have been used as the research methods.

The results of the research are the following: the need to intensify students' individual work has been substantiated to fulfill the task of forming a given set of foreign language skills and abilities in accordance with the latest generation of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education and the 3.0 University model; the potential of integration into the educational process of innovative methods of its organization has been proved.

The key conclusions: individual work is an integral component of the process of teaching a professionally oriented foreign language at a technological university, the integration of innovative methods allows solving the problem of improving its quality, and also creates the prerequisites for implementing the principle of "lifelong education" and the transition to the 4.0 University model.

The relevance of the research. One of the most urgent problems of modern vocational education is the intensive development of professional competencies of future specialists.

Formulation of the problem. The existing models of intensive foreign language teaching do not fully meet the current requirements of a non-linguistic university, and do not take into account the professional content of teaching a foreign language. The problem is to identify ways to adapt intensive methods to the requirements of educational standards of a non-linguistic university, to the professional content of education.

The goal is to identify opportunities for the development of integrated professional and communicative competence using the means of a foreign language.

The research methods used are analysis, generalization, observation, forecasting. The provisions on intensive teaching of a foreign language by G.A. Kitaygorodskaya make up the methodological basis. In the course of the research, the literature on the topic of the study has been analyzed, targeted observations made over the course of intensive classes, written works and creative projects of students studied. The obtained results have been verified in the process of experimental work at Maikop State Technological University.

The results and key findings. As a result of the research, a model of intensive teaching of a foreign language in a non-linguistic university has been formed, it has been proved that teaching a professional foreign language in a non-linguistic university will be rational if the goals, methods and means of the intensive method are adapted to the professional content of education.

The article discusses the role of rescue services on reducing the level of negative social tensionassociated with economic, political, medical and biological crisis situations. An analysis of the phenomenon and the concept of "social tension" has been carried out, and forms of the reaction of the population to various kinds of crises revealed. Prolonged social tension is considered to provoke the onset of socially dangerous phenomena that can destabilize social development and cause entropic processes. Modern methods of diagnosing public dissatisfaction with various processes in the economy, politics, social sphere have been briefly described, which can enable the competent authorities to properly respond to emerging crisis phenomena, or level their consequences. Rescue services are considered to be competent bodies in the structure of the state; their activities are aimed directly at the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the problem based on theoretical and empirical data from previous sociological, psychological and pedagogical studies. The main conclusions are that rescue services are an important factor in maintaining an optimal level of social tension, an effective means of reducing the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous phenomena, the main tool for eliminating the consequences of catastrophes, a guarantee of people's confidence that they will be provided with assistance in emergency situations, which significantly reduces the level of their anxiety, anomic, propensity to unmotivated actions of a destructive plan.