The relevance of the research lies in the analysis of the transformation project of one of the outstanding reformers of the days of Alexander I, whose ideas were not duly appreciated, but could prevent serious upheavals in Russia during subsequent reigns.

   The problem is that changes proposed by Speransky’s would have laid the foundation for a deep reform of the country, however, not all projects were destined to be realized.

   The purpose of the research is to consider the transformation projects of Speransky M.M. and to analyze the degree of their implementation.

   The article used the retrospective and historical-genetic methods of historical research. The first allowed us to immerse ourselves in the events of the past, the second allowed us to analyze the degree of implementation of projects. The result of the research: many of Mikhail Mikhailovich’s proposals would subsequently be considered by the descendants of the winner of Napoleon Bonaparte, but then the Russian emperor considered the projects premature. Only the reform of religious educational institutions was one of the few that was implemented almost completely.

   The conclusion: Speransky’s proposals in the field of religious education were implemented more than all others examined in the research; among state reforms, only the State Council arose; as for tax reforms, only certain partial proposals of the reformer were implemented.

   In the modern society government authorities pay quite a lot of attention to the development of the socio-cultural sphere in the country. Despite the fact that at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21^st century, libraries began to take on the functions of abolished cultural centers due to a significant reduction in the network of socio-cultural institutions. The functions of information centers have been added to the traditional functions of an educational nature, preservation and enhancement of cultural heritage, providing access to national and global information networks and databases. Today, modern library science presents new analytical capabilities for the study and analysis of library communications. One of these is a gender perspective, which looks at the norms and cultural symbols that men and women bring to the library profession.

   The purpose of the research is to study this aspect in the socio-cultural sphere at the regional level, which allows us to trace the uniqueness of general processes within individual national republics.

   To achieve this goal, the task has been formulated to reflect the history of the development of the library network in 1950^s in the region using a gender approach. In the research methods of comparative historical analysis were used, as well as the principles of objectivism and historicism, which provided the opportunity to analyze various episodes and phenomena from a historical point of view. When studying the questions posed, the author has come to the conclusion that Russian historiography today has almost no research devoted to the study of the development of librarianship through the prism of gender stereotypes. This study is an attempt to highlight the development of librarianship, with an emphasis on women's experiences in this profession.

   The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest of researchers and readers in the experience of the Soviet period of history, through life paths, biographies, and the results of the activities of ordinary people.

   The problem of the research is to analyze sociocultural processes through sources of personal origin (documents, photos, memories, etc.).

   The purpose of the research is using the biography of Achegu D.P. to understand social, cultural, professional and psychological aspects of the Soviet period.

   The historical and biographical method became the basis of the research methodology for examining the life and work of a superior expert category Dovlet Pozadovich Achegu (1919-1963), the first head of the surgical department of the Adyghe Regional Hospital. The methods of scientific analysis and generalization were also used.

   The research results. The description and analysis of the life story of Dovlet Pozadovich allows us to generalize and understand social, cultural and psychological phenomena of a certain historical period. The fate of Achegu included the main milestones of the Soviet period. He experienced all the joys and hardships of difficult military-political and ideological processes. All significant historical events of those years run like a red thread through his life. Undoubtedly, Dovlet was not unique; he was formed as a highly qualified specialist and an interesting person under the influence of the system of Soviet culture, education, norms of behavior and attitude towards the profession.

   Key findings. The younger generation of doctors and medical students need to know such stories and biographies as an example of service to the profession and duty of a doctor. The life and work of Achegu D.P. can serve as an example for the formation of personal meanings and value guidelines for modern youth. Such “microhistories” related to the humanistic direction of the study of history, analyze the cultural, professional, and family values of people. They describe small elements that are important for knowledge and understanding of a certain era, which help answer big questions and build the continuity of generations.

   The relevance of the research. Two main factors influence the formation of the education process for technical specialties. On one hand, it is the state development strategy and needs of industrial areas.

   On the other hand, these are the required recommendations of the Ministry of Education for the formation of the educational process of technical specialties. Thus, the Federal educational standard and Professional standard are the two main documents that form the learning process.

  The problem statement. Incorrect interpretation of these documents can cause an incorrect formation of the main educational program and, as a result, the impossibility of obtaining highly qualified specialists.

   The purpose of the research is to prove the main errors that can occur when forming the educational process for technical specialties.

   To solve the problem, the article considers such research methods as literature analysis of, synthesis, generalization. The article examines the transformation of educational standards over the past three decades. The analysis of Federal educational standards and the main educational programs of Bachelors in the direction of training in power supply is carried out.

   The conclusions. As a result of comparative analysis, possible problems that heads of main educational programs for technical specialties may encounter and their consequences for the educational process have been identified. An approach to the formation of basic educational programs and curriculum has been offered.

   The relevance of the research. The current stage of the historical development of the world community is characterized by the acceleration of scientific, technical and social progress, the large-scale dissemination of new ideas and technologies. Therefore, the reproduction of knowledge carried
out on an innovative basis is relevant and has an increasing impact on the rate of economic growth.

   The problem statement. The modern education system is gradually beginning to fully use the
resources of the competency-based approach. In vocational education this approach is the conceptual basis for the implementation of an innovation system. The problem of the research is to identify the features of the formation of professional competence of higher education teachers.

   The purpose of the article is to substantiate modern technologies for developing the professional competence of vocational education teachers to increase their readiness to train future specialists on innovative principles.

   The research methods used are theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem; study of regulatory documents in the field of education; analysis and synthesis; systematization and generalization; survey.

   The results and key conclusions. The need for continuous professional development of teachers based on innovative principles and updating of the problem under consideration has been identified. The use of modern pedagogical technologies of distance learning, project-based learning and production technologies for the formation of professional competence of higher education teachers, as well as modern forms of training future qualified specialists, have been justified.

   Life safety culture is considered to be one of the most important components of basic general education in modern conditions. Its main vector is focused on adequately solving the priority tasks of ensuring personal and national security. In this regard, the scientific problem considered in this article seems to be relevant and in demand in modern educational practice, because the effectiveness of ensuring the safety of the entire world community depends on the level of development of the life safety culture of each person.

   The problem of the research is to identify the content of the category “life safety culture” and the theoretical basis for justifying the process of its formation among students in educational institutions.

   The purpose of the research is to reveal the category “life safety culture” in various fields of knowledge and to substantiate the main theoretical determinants of its formation in educational institutions.

   The following methods were used in the study: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, methods of visual presentation of information. The results of the research contribute to the study of scientific and theoretical aspects of organizing the pedagogical process of forming a life safety culture in educational institutions, as well as scientific and theoretical approaches to substantiate the definition of «life safety culture».

   Key conclusions. Three approaches to the content of the category “life safety culture” have been identified - social-philosophical, psychological and pedagogical ones; the prerequisites for constructing pedagogical influences on the formation of a culture of life safety in educational institutions have been indicated: principles (general and specific), and the directions of
this activity have also been detected.

   At present digital transformation of the society faces the problem of a shortage of a highly qualified personnel - specialists in the field of the latest information technologies, intellectual scientists with a high-quality fundamental education. The solution to this problem lies in the introduction of new educational models and technologies.

   The purpose of the research is to study the strategy for the formation of a new conceptual scheme of modern education.

   It has been emphasized that two leading educational models are currently being successfully implemented and complement each other: the classical model of «completed» education with the basic principle of «education once and for life», covering the need of the society for the generation and dissemination of knowledge, as well as the storage of cultural ideals, and the second model, called the «lifelong education model», which meets the principle of «lifelong education», corresponding to the rapid changes in technology and the nature of digital transformations of the society. The article pays special attention to new educational technologies such as: 1) analytical technologies, which are based on the analysis of big data from educational institutions in real time; 2) adaptive (or intellectual) learning, which is based on the principles of personalization of learning and building an individual educational trajectory; 3) Smart education, using learning tools in an interactive educational environment with elements of distance and mobile education. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach and general methods of scientific knowledge, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization.

   The relevance of the topic is associated with increased attention to the problem of matching the quality of the Russian education with the promising tasks of the digital transformation of the Russian society.

   Key conclusion. A high professional level of the personnel reserve, which will be able to practically implement state digitalization programs, is possible and is associated with the construction of a new concept of modern education.

   The modern education system is subject to changes, accompanied by the introduction of a number of innovations, because it must adapt to the requirements of a dynamically developing society. Among such innovations is the introduction of an effective contract in the state universities as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers. The need for criteria-based assessment of the effectiveness of a higher school teacher, depending on the individual results of his work, has actualized the importance of studying the problem of an effective contract model in higher education and identified the research problem: what is the essence of an effective contract as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers?

   The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of an effective contract as an innovative aspect of stimulating the professional activity of a university teacher and its main components.

   The following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, description, interpretation, comparison. Systematic and logical approaches were used.

   The results of the research: 1) the concept of «performance-based contract of employment» in the legal and scientific-pedagogical field has been described; 2) a brief overview of the concept of an performance-based contract of employment abroad and in Russia has been carried out; 3) the principles for developing criteria for professional achievements of teaching staff have been substantiated.

   Key conclusions: 1) performance-based contract of employment is a balanced decomposition of criteria and performance indicators of the professional activity of a higher school teacher; 2) foreign and domestic concepts of a performance-based contract of employment are largely similar and include a set of interrelated components that reveal all aspects of a teacher’s professional activity: teaching, methodological, scientific,educational and sports; 3) the main principles of criteria-based assessment of scientific and pedagogical workers are: complexity, objectivity, quantitative assessment, adaptability, stimulation and motivation.

   Scientific research in recent years has documented a violation of the mechanism for the inclusion of young citizens in adulthood and the dominance of consumer attitudes among modern youth. It is quite obvious that one of the indicators of civil society is the desire of people to be its full members, responsible and capable of socially useful activities. The ongoing change in the geopolitical situation in the world has particularly acutely actualized the problem of children and adolescents developing social literacy as a special criterion for the development of society.

   The need to solve this issue determined the research problem, which lies in the insufficient knowledge of the content of social literacy of children and adolescents in modern pedagogical discourse and the demand for a theoretical justification of this term from the standpoint of the modern sociocultural situation.

   Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of “social literacy” in pedagogical theory and practice.

   The research methods used in the work are the following: analysis of teaching experience and theoretical approaches to the problem under study, synthesis, differentiation, methods of visual presentation of the data obtained.

   The results of the research. The content of social literacy in pedagogical scientific and scientific-methodological research has been revealed; components of social literacy have been proposed.

   Key conclusions: social literacy is understood as an individual’s readiness to socialize safely in the environment; possession of an interdependent set of knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as the necessary personal qualities that ensure the formation of this readiness; social literacy includes a set of interrelated components: personal, activity and reflexive, identified on the basis of systematization of axiological, environmental, competence and multi-subjective approaches.

   The relevance of the research. Formed interest in learning is the basis for enhancing the cognitive activity of schoolchildren; creation of a positive motivation for learning, which will lead to positive motives for learning, that subsequently turn into a stable interest in learning, and interest into the need for learning. Such interest in mastering geographical nomenclature can be formed by improving teaching methods using toponymy.

   The problem statement. School practice shows that the study of geographical objects and nomenclature proceeds in a reproductive way, mainly based on memorization, which negatively affects the quality of knowledge. In this regard, the problem arises of finding possible methods for assimilating geographical nomenclature that will intensify the process of their assimilation.

   The purpose of the research is to substantiate experimentally modern methods for mastering geographical nomenclature using toponymy in the course of «Geography of Russia. Nature and population» at school.

   The results of the research allowed us to draw the following key conclusions: 1. Modern methods of mastering geographical nomenclature include: toponymic methods (identifying the semantics and etymology of geographical names); teaching methods (partially exploratory, problem-based and research). 3. Analysis of the results of questioning and testing of students of the Maikop Gymnasium No. 22 in 2023/2024 academic year have shown positive results of the pedagogical experiment and proved the validity of the proposed methods for mastering geographical nomenclature using toponymy.

   In the modern world, education is of great importance, since it is the main source of social progress. Changing technologies in the socio-economic sphere directly affect the transformation of the education sector throughout the world. The presented article is theoretical in nature and is devoted
to the scientific problem of the transformation of education in modern sociocultural conditions.

   The purpose of the research is to reveal the directions of transformation of education as basic guidelines for its quality in modern conditions.

   The research methods used are analysis, theoretical generalization, forecasting.

   The results of the research. The definition of “quality of education” has been revealed and the vectors of its development determined; the reasons that caused a serious transformation of the education sector in the world and in Russia have been argued. The drivers that determined the transformation of the educational institution at the present stage have been systematized.

   Key conclusions: the quality of education is understood as a characteristic of the education system, reflecting the degree of compliance of the actual achieved educational results with regulatory requirements, social and personal expectations; the reasons facilitating the transformation of the education sector at present are: growing globalization, general digitalization, robotization, etc.; The leading drivers determining the development of education include: external, industrial and internal ones.

   The relevance of the study is predetermined by the insufficiency of the number of foreign language classes in a non-language university for the effective acquiring of communicative competences by students and the fulfillment of educational and profession orientation goals in the classroom. Our hypothesis is that the creation of a language environment by organizing extracurricular activities of cultural, educational and professional value is an effective way of organizing the learning process, corresponding to the theory of natural language acquisition by «exposure to comprehensible
and compelling input».

   The aim of the study is to describe a model of organizing such a language environment and its advantages in the framework of Stephen Krashen's hypotheses. In our research we use the methods of monitoring, literature analysis, synthesis and deduction.

   As a result of our work, we have come to the conclusion that a diverse language environment created by organizing various additional activities is an excellent means of forming communicative competences of students throughout the period of study at the university, it contributes to the formation of professional motivation and background knowledge, as well as to the upbringing of a citizen who is not only proud of his country but is also able to present it decently at the international level.

   The relevance of the research is determined by the total dependence of the level of health of the population on the availability of medicines. The problem of consumer culture is among the problems of drug circulation, because the health of the nation directly depends on it. The state-economic program for providing the population with necessary products from the pharmaceutical industry is also related to the issues of health maintenance culture.

   The purpose of the research is to determine the population’s attitude towards the consumption of medicines as an indicator of health conservation.

   The study is based on the use of a questionnaire survey method. The main questions were the peculiarities of the respondents’ attitude towards taking medications, the question of medical prescription of drugs, the importance of drug prices for the population, the influence of advertising on drug consumption, etc. According to the survey results, it has been proven that the quality of life of the vast majority of people directly depends on the use of drugs. The culture of the population regarding the consumption of drugs is quite high, as evidenced by the information about studying the
instructions before taking the drug by the majority of respondents, a reasonable attitude towards advertising drugs in the media, and an optimal level of trust in the quality of pharmacy products. An important issue in the culture of health conservation remains the provision of people with chronic diseases with drugs for daily use, which should not be completely dependent on imports from other countries, as well as a pricing policy that allows patients to purchase the necessary medicine. Maintaining a high level of culture of drug consumption should be ensured by the state, which implements a reasonable social policy and effective control over meeting people's needs for resources to maintain the health of the nation.

   Modern social and political changes emphasize the particular relevance of the problem of forming national identity in the context of often contradictory sociocultural processes. Leveling out negative social phenomena that exploit the category of national identity and developing its potential for the formation of civic values and harmonization of interethnic relations in Russian society necessitates a deep understanding of this phenomenon, which is considered primarily as a result of its construction by social institutions.

   However, this process also takes the form of assimilation of elements of nation-building, passed through the filters of personal attitudes, representation of individual national identity in various social situations, which constitutes the problem of this research.

   Based on the study of theoretical data, the author proposed a category of performative national identity based on the application of the approaches of social constructivism and symbolic interactionism. The methods of theoretical research were theoretical analysis and synthesis, induction and modeling. As a result, the category of performative national identity has been developed, which includes technologies, features, resources for construction and conscious and unconscious representation of national identity in everyday practices. The results of the research develop the theory and methodology of constructing national identity, expand the understanding of the process of formation of national identity as a result of the assimilation of collective memory through the prism of personal attitudes, and also allow us to study the features of the representation of national identity in various situations from the point of view of the dramaturgical approach.