The article discusses the role of vocational education, courses, vocational guidance in improving cultural and technical level of workers in Dagestan in the second half of 1980s. The novelty of the issue is the absence of a full-fledged policy in the field of vocational guidance for personnel training at present stage. The goal is to study the accumulated experience to improve cultural and technical level of workers. Stepping up the work with schoolchildren, their orientation towards technical education and work at industrial enterprises of the republic; progress and existing problems in the activity of vocational, technical schools, specialized technical schools is shown. The process of obtaining a specialty and professional development of workers in factories and mills was shown. The main industrial enterprises of Dagestan were listed, where workers were trained and their cultural and technical level was improved. The patronage assistance of schools and technical schools by organizations and enterprises of Dagestan in the second half of 1980s was noted. The names of the most active young workers of the republic who achieved success in the production area were given. It was revealed that in the development of vocational education in the republic there was a gap between the placement of schools and the centers of labor force growth, which created difficulties in recruiting vocational schools.

The study of reforms in Dagestan which contributed to the involvement of its peoples in the economic, political and cultural space of the Russian Empire using archival materials, first introduced into scientific circulation seems to be relevant. The problem is to study some previously unknown features of economic development, such as road construction; building bridges, construction of a seaport in Petrovsk on the Caspian Sea, laying of a railway linking Dagestan with Russia and the South Caucasus through the North Caucasus, which had both transport and industrial value. The attention is focused on the cities of Temir-Khan-Shura, Petrovsk, Derbent and Kizlyar, as well as the settlement of Khasavyurt, which played a large role in the socio-economic, political and cultural development of post-reform Dagestan. The aim of the study was to analyze main economic, political and cultural changes in the cities of Dagestan, which were conditioned by their integration into the capitalist path of development of Russia and colonial interests of autocracy. Cities, which made up an insignificant part of the oblast population in the post-reform time, played an increasing role in the socio-economic, political and cultural development of Dagestan. The problems set in the article were solved with the application of general scientific research methods within the framework of historical, comparative and statistical analysis. The results of the research allow for the conclusion that the post-reform period was a turning point in the history of Dagestan in many respects and, above all, that its entry into the Russian Empire determined the further economic progress of the entire North Caucasus. Gradually, the settled for centuries economic structure of the highlanders took the path of transformation under the influence of Russian market relations of the second half of the 19th century.

The article is devoted to the problem of teaching humanities in technical and medical specialties of a university, their importance in shaping the outlook and cultural and moral development of a student’s personality. In the 21st century training of a sought-after specialist assumes the presence of not only specialized knowledge and skills, but also diverse humanitarian training. In this article generalized results of the conducted research related to the definition of the role and effectiveness of humanitarian disciplines at MSTU are presented. As a result, it has been revealed that humanitarian education contributes to the development of independent thinking and forms a worldview, helps to understand the surrounding reality, in oneself and other people, enrich students' moral, aesthetic and professional ethical culture. The research has revealed the problems that students of technical and medical specialties face in mastering humanitarian knowledge: teaching of the humanities does not take into account the specifics of technical and medical specialties, technical, visual and digital teaching aids are insufficiently, which reduces the quality of humanitarian training. Students are not interested in studying the humanities, because consider them unclaimed in their future profession. This indicates that they are unaware of the goals (mission) of a humanitarian component of vocational education. The authors also designate solution vectors for the identified problems.

The novelty of the research consists in the need to introduce project activities of students into the educational process in accordance with the requirements of standards. The article deals with the problem of organization and implementation of project activities of students in the educational process of a university (college). The purpose of the article is to identify characteristic features of project activities in the educational process, to determine conditions for the effectiveness of project activities and possible implementation difficulties. The research methods used are theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization. The following provisions reflect the results of the research: The qualities of a modern graduate demanded by employers and formed in the process of its inclusion in project activities have been revealed. The author concludes that the project activity is a didactic means of vocational training. Goals and objectives of project activities in teaching students have been defined. The author gives a generalized description of the role and activities of a teacher and a student included in the project activity. The main types of project activities have been identified depending on various grounds: a substantive area, the nature of contacts in the project, a number of project participants, duration of the project, a dominant activity of a student in the project. Main difficulties and mistakes in the implementation of students' project activities in the educational process of vocational education institutions have been presented on the basis of the analysis of theoretical data. The author defines the conditions under which the organization of students' project activities in the educational process of vocational education organizations will be the most optimal. The conclusions: the organization of project activities of students in the educational process will be more successful with the implementation of conditions and consideration of errors and difficulties of the implementation of project activities from both teachers and students.

The relevance of the article. The article examines modern forms and methods of conducting independent work in the distance mode when preparing future competitive specialists in maritime transport. The article notes the changes in the modern system of higher education associated with the reduction of practical, laboratory studies and an increase of independent work hours. It indicates the need for innovative computer-based learning technologies, that create conditions for effective assimilation of knowledge and formation of professional skills. The object of the research is the process of vocational training, namely, distance learning and phases of mastering educational material. Learning activities in the distance learning system are an opportunity to learn theoretical knowledge and to master practical learning skills outside the classroom. The subject of the research in this article is the process of organizing independent work of students as a means of forming professional competencies. The necessity of the optimal organization of independent work is analyzed taking into account the requirements of modern educational standards and forms of control. The research methods: theoretical methods (analysis of educational and methodical literature on the studied problem); empirical methods (various types of computer testing as one of the most common forms of control in the work of cadets and the role of a tutor in training activities used in verifying the performance of independent work). As a result, the effectiveness of the use of various types of testing in the independent work of students has been revealed. Innovative distance learning technologies and their combination with traditional methods are offered, which ensures the quality of self-organization and self-training of cadets.

Integration of Russia into a single European educational space has determined the shift of the traditional education paradigm from a humanistic to a competence-based one, the quintessence of which is the formation of a competence system for students based on global trends in the achievement of education quality. The main feature of graduate vocational training programs implementation in the context of the European educational standard is the responsibility of educational organizations for the quality of the educational process, focused on the competence paradigm of modern education. This circumstance has formulated the research problem: what are the problems of FSES 3+ implementation at different levels of professional training of future workers in tourism industry in the context of a competence-based approach in education? The purpose of the research is to substantiate proposals for improving the process of training future tourism industry employees in the system of continuing professional education as a condition for an effective transition to FSES 3++. During the study, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, method of analogy. The results obtained: analysis of the FSES 3+ implementation according to the levels of professional training of college-baccalaureate-magistrature; problematic aspects of the implementation of federal educational standards of the third generation at different levels of professional training of future employees of the tourism industry (college- baccalaureate- magistrature) have been identified, measures to improve the process of professional training of students in the system of continuing professional education in the context of the transition to FSES 3++ have been proposed. Key conclusions: the identified problem aspects can guide the development of educational programs in accordance with FSES 3++ in the system of continuing professional education.

The modern paradigm of an educational process at a university, implementation of educational standards of a new generation, that envisages a competence-based approach to training, as well as the realities in the field of international sports and Olympic movement, dictate the obvious need to revise and adjust the disciplines and special courses in order to shape relevant general cultural and professional competencies of students. This circumstance has led to the formulation of the research problem, which consists in eliminating the contradictions dictated, on the one hand, by the need to solve important strategic tasks to optimize vocational education and expand the range of empirical knowledge, on the other hand, by the lack of a necessary set of disciplines in the conditions of reduction classroom hours in favor of independent work of students. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to expand the structure and themes of elective courses, including the content, on the most topical issues and problems of modern international sports and Olympic movement, designed to solve not only the primary tasks of implementation of Olympic education, but also to form a number of FSES HE competencies. The following methods were used in the research: collection, analysis and systematization of primary sources, comparison and contrast, mental experiment, inductive and deductive methods. Key conclusions: tables were developed for the subject visualization reflecting the structure and content of disciplines of choice of historical and sports subjects, their interrelation and interdependence, the discipline of “Olympic education” among them, implemented in the framework of general educational programs in universities.

The article proposes the use of a competence-based learning model, ensuring a practice-oriented nature of mathematical tasks through interdisciplinary integration. The novelty of using this model consists in the fact that the development of modern science and production necessitates the search for new modern methods, means and forms of education that express the interests of a person, adequate to the trends of intensive development of society. The problem of the research: what are the scientific foundations of the content, methods and means of teaching mathematics, focused on mastery of functional literacy in students? The solution to this problem is the purpose of the research. The research methods: investigation of existing methodological literature on the issue, State educational standards of higher education, work programs in Mathematics, general professional and special disciplines, textbooks, dissertations and abstracts on the issue, the study of works on Pedagogy and methods of teaching Mathematics. The proposed approach to applying Mathematics to study the processes of drilling oil and gas wells using dispersive analysis is the result of the theoretical study. As a result of applying the competence-based approach to teaching modeling of production situations using statistical methods, the bachelors of oil and gas engineering form necessary professional competencies.

The novelty of the research. The problem of organizing aesthetic education of schoolchildren by means of folklore is relevant for the regions of Russia, inhabited by peoples who are anxious about their original culture and are trying to pass its foundations to a younger generation. The article shows the experience of organizing aesthetic education of schoolchildren based on Ingush folklore. The purpose of the article is to investigate the possibilities of an integrated approach to the organization of aesthetic education of schoolchildren based on the Ingush folklore on the example of the system of general and supplementary education of the Republic of Ingushetia. The article uses the methods of theoretical analysis of literature, the method of studying experience. The results. In the process of the research, it has been found that the nature of aesthetic attitude of schoolchildren to reality changes with age: younger students show an increased interest in the beauty of nature; high school students are more interested in aesthetics of behavior, relationships, appearance of a person. These features must be considered when planning forms and methods of aesthetic education of schoolchildren by means of folklore, both in terms of basic general and additional education of schoolchildren, thereby implementing an integrated approach in the process of education.

Education of a comprehensively developed personality is one of the strategic tasks in the period of globalization and internationalization of modern educational space. Intensive communication processes of the modern world make us assess the role and importance of a foreign language in the educational process in a different way. Today formation of a highly qualified specialist is impossible in a narrow local framework. The system of global education implies formation of foreign language speech communication in students, allowing them to communicate freely in a different socio-cultural environment. When learning foreign languages, students first of all encounter not linguistic problems, but factors that determine social, everyday and cultural spheres of a target language country. Therefore, modern methods of teaching a foreign language cannot but include a sociocultural aspect, because it is only on its basis that the effect of linguistic-cultural immersion is achieved. The dialectical method is the basis of the methodology of the presented research. In the system analysis of various methods of learning foreign languages, the author uses a synergetic method. Investigating the application of the sociocultural approach in education, the author relies on the categorical apparatus presented in modern Pedagogy, Sociology and Cultural studies. As a result of the study, it has been shown that modern methods of teaching a foreign language should include socio-cultural aspects, which allow students to adapt more quickly to any foreign language environment.

The article focuses on the problem of identifying methodological ways to improve teaching of foreign students in non-linguistic universities. The authors consider this problem on the basis of integrating traditional and innovative methods, which are designed, from the point of view of the authors, to solve a number of specific tasks in the formation of language communication and speech-motor language skills more progressively. The article identifies the need for considering psychological and pedagogical potential of traditional methods of teaching a foreign language (for example, such as speech exercises, simulation game methods, etc., combined with innovative teaching methods (for example, technology of developing critical thinking, method of electronic portfolio, e-learning and m-learning, etc.). Due to the need for solving the problems of mastering a foreign language on the basis of sustainable foreign language competence formation, the authors set the goal of justifying the effectiveness of integrating innovative and traditional methods of teaching a foreign language. The research methods: a method of theoretical analysis, synthesis, a method of comparing and summarizing information. The article analyzes the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education in terms of foreign language skills and foreign language communicative competence, as well as specifics of traditional and innovative teaching methods, that comply with the basic concepts of achieving the objectives of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The results: methodological potential of traditional teaching methods and its increase in the context of integration with innovative approaches and technologies being introduced into the educational process has been revealed; the importance of methodological integration in the process of forming a stable foreign language communicative competence has been substantiated.

The article examines and compares different approaches to understanding the essence of a local community as a complex social phenomenon combining characteristics of a social group and a social community. On the basis of methods of systematization, generalization and comparison of various theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of a local community, it has been concluded that there are two main approaches to the definition of the local community in the modern scientific literature: a communitarian and a socio-territorial. The communitarian approach considers communities as derived from the communication (interaction) of social objects. The socio-territorial approach defines local communities through the presence of a common beginning that unites people. The diversity of interpretations of the concept of “local community” emphasizes a complex nature of the studied processes. The research substantiates understanding of the local community as a special stage of development of a socio-territorial community. The local community is considered as a set of horizontal social relations (relationships) between people, generated by the interaction of a set of people living in the territory of a municipality, having common interests and values, aware of the need to combine action to solve local issues and interacting on solving local issues. Consideration of the local community as a stage in the development of a socio-territorial community will make it possible to apply new empirical methods for its study using sociological methods.

The article analyzes the employment prospects of Tula youth in the regional labor market. It has been noted that the proximity of the metropolitan area is a factor that affects the local labor market, as modern young people are focused on fast career growth and high wages that the regional labor market is not able to supply. The analysis of the results of the sociological research conducted by the laboratory of social and political research of Tula State University in 2018 revealed common “non-educational” motives for higher education and lack of interest in chosen profession among students. Main reasons for a high level frictional unemployment among youth have been described briefly, including, on the one hand, the inability of young people to build communication with a potential employer, lack of self-presentation skills and an ability to search for suitable vacancies in various sources of information independently, lack of desire to work intensively and finish their work on the new workplace in accordance with production needs, and on the other hand, the unwillingness of employers to hire unexperienced staff, to train young people in accordance with the specifics of their enterprise. Measures to solve the identified problems have been proposed, which include information, career guidance and educational resources.

The research reveals the signs of sociocultural identity of rescue officers of the region on the basis of the analysis of professional culture level. The novelty of the research topic consists in the fact that social stability in the country in general and in the region particularly depends on the effectiveness of rescue services. A special role in the effectiveness of rescue services is assigned to executors involved in overcoming catastrophes and their consequences-employees of special search and rescue squads (SRS). The externality of the rescue service is widely covered in mass media, especially in emergency situations. Personal characteristics and features of interaction of participants in rescue operations, together with special knowledge and skills that form the basis of professional culture, often remain behind the scenes. The research methodology is based on institutional and structural and functional approaches to the analysis of rescuers' activities. Empirical sociological data obtained by a sociological survey of the general totality of the search and rescue squad of the General Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Adygeya. As a result of the research, an integrative model of a rescuer’s personality was obtained, as well as data indicating a high level of professional culture and an adequate socio-cultural identity of SRS officers. An indicator of professional culture is understanding of the value of professional training for rescue activities by workers. Most of the officers have developed a valuable attitude towards human life both in emergency situations and in the conditions of everyday life in the course of their service. Understanding the leading role of the state in ensuring effective operation of rescue services and high self-esteem of rescue services indicate the stability of the structure and effectiveness of the activities of the Emergencies Ministry.

The article reveals the problem of increasing the social differentiation of Russian youth in the soviet and post-soviet periods. The purpose of the research is to analyze sociocultural activities of soviet youth and to identify the role of the Komsomol in their lives. The content analysis of the regional press was used as a method of scientific research. The article provides a qualitative analysis of the causes and significant factors of the evolution of youth associations, which determined their transition from traditional soviet ideology of unity of youth and the KPSU party structures to new organization forms based on the principle of self-sufficiency and multi-variant ideological basis. The results of the research helped to identify problems of inclusion of young people in public life common for the soviet and post-soviet periods, which young people stopped to perceive as a pressing need after the collapse of the Komsomol. The result was the emergence of a large number of informal associations, which gave rise to social differentiation among the youth. Apart from social stratification, exacerbation of conflicts and growth of social tension, the differentiation of social composition of youth takes on negative forms when undesirable effects of mismatch and aggravation of contradictions among young people about inequality are provoked. These phenomena lead to a violation of social integrity, which once again highlights the importance of the investigated topic.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the problem of the formation of a civil identity of a person. The purpose of the article is to highlight the features and mechanisms for the formation of the civil identity of children and adolescents by means of a summer holiday camp. The research methods - theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization. The concepts of civic education have been analyzed. Criteria and types of identity have been designated: social and personal. Considerable attention is paid to civic identity as one of the types of social identity. The authors highlight cognitive, value-semantic, emotional and activity components in the structure of civic identity on the basis of a theoretical study of approaches to the definition of the concept of “civil identity”. The article identifies the potential and features of an educational work carried out in a summer camp, as a mechanism for the formation of civil identity in children and adolescents. Features of the camp shift have been presented from the point of view of the children's eventivity in which the formation of civic identity is necessary. General pedagogical, subject-specific, organizational and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of the process of the formation of civic identity in the summer children's camp have been highlighted. Special attention is paid to external and internal factors that have a direct impact on the process of formation of civic identity in children and adolescents in the camp shift. Recommendations on the use of external and internal factors of the work for teachers and caretakers in a summer holiday camp for children and adolescents are given. Prospects for further research have been indicated.

The novelty of the research consists in the need for a theoretical analysis of large-scale changes that occur in modern society under the influence of the rapid development of information and communication technologies. Social changes are reflected by scientists in the framework of the concepts of “information”, “post-industrial”, “technotronic”, etc. society, and each author identifies his own reasons for the genesis and main features of the current stage of development of Western technological civilization, which represents a certain problem of its social and humanitarian knowledge. The purpose of the research is to analyze the influence of information technologies on the main social subsystems within the framework of a civilizational approach to the development of Western European civilization using the results of the original research of M. Castells, dedicated to the idea of a network society, In the article the author considered the features of information technology revolution of the last third of the XX century which had changed the shape of industrialized countries of the West. In his research he relied upon the principles of determinism and historicism, and the idea of technogenic civilization, according to which the decisive role in the mechanism of social determination of modern society belonged to its production subsystem, which, through various mediating links, determined the state of other spheres of society. He also the consequences of the revolution for all social spheres of technogenic societies, including the formation of a global information economy, a social structure of a network society, and “real virtuality” culture. It has been concluded that network structures in the post-industrial economy become the basis for the sustainable development of all public spheres, allowing to combine high rates of social development and sustainability of basic social institutions.

The novelty of the research consists in reconsidering the importance of physical education and sports in modern society as a result of increased commercialization and separation of their organizational forms into elite and mass types. The purpose of the analysis is aimed at the structural and functional determination of the institutionalism of physical culture and sports, identifying their commonality and differences, allowing to correlate them within the framework of a single type of physical culture as a non-institutional form of universal culture. The research methodology is based on the use of the structural-functional method and the institutional approach, and is based on the fact that physical culture and sports, being related, but different sociocultural institutions, can perform the functions of each other in some cases. The article emphasizes the idea that physical education and sports, being significant spheres of public life, reflect social problems, experience development crises, form and transform traditional organizational forms, which is the basis for scientific understanding in the framework of sociological science of diverse aspects of these forms of culture and institutional interaction on fundamental and application levels. The main results of the research have led to the conclusion that the institutionalization of physical culture and main sports is associated with the development of physical parameters of the body, and as a result, spiritual qualities of a person, influences greatly the further development of society and culture in general. Preservation and physical perfection of the body is a condition for the inseparable connection of a man with the nature, and an absolute factor in the possibility of the manifestation of living emotions that make a human life meaningful. Thus, physical culture and sport as sociocultural institutions are able to resist effectively the onset of a post human civilization.

The relevance of the research is substantiated by the profound changes that have been taking place in the last decade in the sphere of the Russian education, and require scientific understanding. The importance of practical skills and mastering various technologies has increased as a result of the policy of transition of vocational education from knowledge to a competence-based approach, while the status of general cultural erudition of university graduates has decreased. The article reveals the problems of the study of social and humanitarian disciplines in technical and medical specialties of a university as a factor in the formation of competitiveness in the career development of future professionals. The problems of increasing the share of independent work of students in the development of humanities and virtualization of the educational process are also considered. The problem of leveling the ideological and educational mission of a teacher of social and humanitarian subjects is discussed. The main methodological premise of the article is that the modern higher education of Russia needs to restore the positions of ideological and educational institution for the formation of moral and cultural principles among youth. To collect empirical information, a sociological survey method was used in the form of a survey. It has been revealed that the majority of students of a regional university understand the importance of a humanitarian component of education for their future life and career growth, and, as a result, they are motivated to study the disciplines of this cycle. One of the most important conclusions is the statement that the utilitarian approach to vocational education is unacceptable in accordance with the goals of “Education” National project.