The problem of the relationship between monumental politics and the politics of historical memory is increasingly attracting the attention of scientists and the public. This is due to the fact that conflict situations periodically arise associated with publicly formed historical memory in the form of monumental art. The article makes an attempt to comprehend the concepts of politics of memory, historical memory and their influence on the formation of monumental politics and culture of commemoration relying on the scientific concepts of M. Halbwachs, J. Assman and others and to consider monumental politics as an instrument of memory politics in the context of modern socio-political processes in the Caucasus, its role in the construction of national identity, maintaining historical memory and influencing interethnic relations. In the course of the research the author uses the method of retrospective analysis, since the formulation of the problem requires the reconstruction of the historical process, fixation of the available conclusions and their influence on the state of public opinion. The combination of retrospective and problem-chronological methods with the principles of historicism and objectivity has made it possible to consider events in an interconnected and unbiased manner.

The development of the modern Russian state as a democratic legal society necessitates the analysis and use of the positive experience of previous decades, including its national and regional component. For the first time in the Russian historiography, we have attempted to analyze the gender aspect of the formation and development of the new intelligent society in Dagestan in the 1920s in dynamics. In this, we have relied on factual material, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and the studies affecting this scientific problem. At the same time, the article pays special attention to the regional features of the formation and development of the new intelligent society in the multinational republic on the basis of the principles of science, historicism, consistency and objectivity. Completing the analysis of the research problem, the author comes to a well-grounded conclusion that the authorities of Dagestan with the active support of the federal center have done significant work to train specialists with higher and secondary specialized education for the branches of material production and the socio-cultural sphere. However, by the end of the analyzed decade, the region continued to experience serious difficulties in meeting the demands of the economic sectors and the social and cultural sphere in trained specialists, especially from among the Dagestani women.

An important factor in improving the professional training of personnel in the Russian Ministry Of Interior departmental university is the achievement of a high level of physical qualities, in particular strength, speed, coordination abilities, endurance and flexibility, which determine the success of the further formation of a rational technique of self-defense without weapons in hand-to-hand combat, as well as special tactical training (TST) and psychological readiness to serve in future law enforcement officers. The main importance in the tactical training of DIA officers is assigned to the educational organizations of the Russian Ministry Of Interior, where cadets receive training not only in physical, but also in tactical and special training, and in firepower training within the specially developed programs. During the TST cadets learn to act harmoniously in an emergency, adhere to a line of behavior that meets the requirements of the law, get acquainted with methods and tools that are effective in a difficult operational environment. The methodology of teaching TST includes not only theoretical, but also practical classes, which is due to the specifics of knowledge, skills and abilities transmitted in such classes, and the conditions of the operational environment in which cadets will have to apply this knowledge. The theoretical description of the content and directions of professional training of police officers (physical, technical, psychological) allows us to identify a characteristic feature of the general professional training of police officers, that is a close relationship between these areas of training. Key conclusions: The interdisciplinary connections of tactical and special training of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia have been revealed. It has been shown that modern qualification requirements for a police officer can be implemented only as a systemic combination of parameters of tactical-special, fire, psychological and physical fitness.

The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing risks related to incorrect communication both professional and interpersonal ones within the ship crew, which, in turn, emphasizes the importance of professional English-language training for a navigator, which begins during the period of study at a university and lasts throughout the entire career. The requirements for proficiency in professional English-language communication are regulated by international standards, which is of great importance in assessing the professional competence of a navigator. The research problem is as follows: how does English-language vocational training at a maritime university affect interpersonal relations in mixed crews, the professional growth of a sailor and reduce the risks in his professional activity? The aim of the study is to determine the main tasks of a university professional English-language training in the format of negotiating at sea in order to minimize possible risks in the work of a deck officer. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, generalization. The experimental base was the Institute of Water Transport named after G.Ya. Sedov. The research results. Professional risks of a navigator have been analyzed, factors and consequences of risks at sea have been identified; the meanings of the concepts of «language barrier», «human factor», «barrier of misunderstanding», «communicative risk» have been disclosed; the influence of flexible skills on the safety of life and work in a team have been substantiated; the theory of continuous professional English-speaking training of seafarers has been described. Key findings: communication skills of navigators should be formed by integrating English into the disciplines of the professional cycle; the introduction of modern educational technologies in the process of teaching professional maritime English, continuous professional development of English teachers. Development of social partnership will increase the efficiency of the process itself.

At present information technologies are rapidly developing all over the world, so a man of today should be engaged in self-education and self-improvement. Due to the rapid society informatization and learning conditions during a pandemic, there is an increasing need to improve the computer literacy of current and future teachers, as a computer is the main device in the work of a teacher and in teaching a student in the modern world. In this regard, the formation of computer literacy among students of pedagogical universities and teachers in the current learning environment is an urgent problem in modern society. In accordance with the problem, the main goal of the article is to analyze the works of both domestic and foreign scientists, devoted to the problems of training future teachers in the context of society informatization and the pandemic. For a more detailed analysis and study of the problem of computer literacy formation, the article uses a theoretical research method, which is implemented in considering the fundamental definitions of computer literacy, in highlighting the main levels of computer literacy. The result of the analysis is a listing and description of the basic skills that a pedagogical university student and an employee in the field of education must possess to work with computer information, as well as the use of computer programs in the professional activity of a teacher in the pandemic. Thus, increasing computer literacy is an integral process in the information society, especially during the period of active use of distance learning technologies.

The indication of the need for the formation of universal competencies in students in the current FSES HE 3++ has activated the scientific and pedagogical community to search for ways to solve this problem. The article reveals the possibilities of the «Training professional communication» discipline in the formation of universal competencies in the process of professional training of bachelors at a university in the direction of 44.03.02 «Psychological and pedagogical education», «Psychology and Social Pedagogy» direction. The purpose of the research is to reveal the experience of the formation of universal competencies in students as a factor in increasing the effectiveness of the educational process. The research methods are represented by a set of theoretical methods of cognition, such as generalization, design, comparison, forecasting. The research results. The category «universal competences» and its indicators have been clarified; the planned learning outcomes in the discipline of «Training professional communication» in the context of a competence-oriented approach have been proposed, a criterion scale for assessing UC-3 universal competence formation in the field of training of 44.03.02 «Psychological and pedagogical education» in the framework of the discipline of «Training professional communication» has been developed. Key findings: universal competencies are certain qualities, types of behavior that people tend to exhibit, striving to achieve work goals; the list of planned learning outcomes in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++ correlates with indicators of achievement of each universal competence through the triad «knows; knows how; owns» for each indicator of achievement of competencies. The criterion scale for assessing UK-3 universal competence formation in the corresponding direction of training includes four levels: unsatisfactory, satisfactory, good and excellent, which are revealed in the process of current and intermediate control of knowledge among students in an academic discipline.

The importance and necessity of introducing distance learning is due to the global situation with coronavirus infection since the beginning of 2020, which resulted in the emergency transition of educational institutions to online mode. The active use of distance learning technologies has changed the concept of the entire education system, its organizational and substantive aspects [4, p. 293]. Therefore, today, studies devoted to the experience of using and interacting between the subjects of the educational process, namely, technologies of distance learning in vocational education, optimization of organizational, substantive and methodological issues in this area are demanded. The research problem is to reveal the actual aspects of distance learning in vocational education. The purpose of the research is to identify topical issues of distance learning in vocational education in modern conditions. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, generalization. The experimental base is Maykop State Technological University. The research results: the concept of «distance learning» has been disclosed; the concept of distance learning in vocational education has been described; new technological educational trends have been described; the problems of implementation of distance education in modern conditions have been identified. Key findings. Distance learning refers to innovative educational technologies that ensure the availability and quality of the educational process at a distance online; the means of implementing distance learning are learning platforms, Internet resources; distance learning has contributed to the emergence of new technological educational trends: cloud services, massive open online courses, adaptive learning, behavioral analytics, etc. Topical issues of distance learning in vocational education are the quality of professional training of future specialists in a distance format, the lack of generally accepted standards for distance organization and the procedure for assessing students’ knowledge, technical difficulties, etc.

The problem of developing effective educational technologies in the format of distance learning remains one of the most urgent for the world education system. The main initiator of the updating of online educational platforms was the COVID-19 pandemic, which revealed the problems of the transition of all educational institutions to the online mode. The research problem lies in the need to develop an effective pedagogical technology of distance learning as a factor in increasing the efficiency of the educational process. The purpose of the research is to present the experience of distance learning as a factor in increasing the efficiency of the educational process. The research objectives are to clarify the concept of «distance learning»; to reveal the concept of distance learning; describe the experience of using Moodle and Microsoft Teams online learning platforms; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in modern educational practice. The research methodology and methods. The sources of information are scientific articles on the research topic, information from official sites. Methods used are analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The research results. The prerequisites for the popularization of distance learning in the modern practice of educational institutions have been substantiated; the experience of distance learning using the example of testing Moodle and Microsoft Teams online platforms has been described; the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in modern educational practice have been identified. Key findings: distance learning is based on the use of a digital educational environment (information and communication resources); the concept of distance learning provides for three types of distance learning: synchronous, asynchronous and blended; Moodle and Microsoft Teams online platforms are optimal for distance learning.

The main task of the state social policy is formation of a digital society, the development of the digital economy as an urgent sphere of people’s life. This has led to the transition of many areas to digital technologies: education, healthcare, services, etc. Objective circumstances of the global scale of spring 2019, associated with the widespread spread of coronavirus infection has caused optimization of distant educational technologies. The implementation of the new idea of e-education is inextricably linked with the process of its digitalization. The research problem: what are the factors of e-learning as a new educational paradigm in a university? The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of e-learning at a university, its goals, components and functions. The research methodology is composed of a set of methods of scientific knowledge: generalization, analysis, synthesis. The research results. Theoretical and methodological prerequisites for the digitalization of education as a new educational paradigm have been revealed; the functions of digital education have been defined; technology brands of e-education have been identified; the concept of «digital literacy» has been disclosed. Key findings: e-learning is an innovative educational paradigm based on the transformation of the educational process (change in guidelines, organizational and managerial forms, technologies, teaching aids) and the use of a digital educational environment; e-education serves as a tool, an environment that opens up new learning opportunities through the use of technology brands (cloud technologies, online courses, «mobile» learning, adaptive learning, artificial intelligence, behavioral analytics, gamification). The research results can be used for further theoretical and methodological substantiation of the problem of e-learning in higher education, and in activities of modern scientific and pedagogical workers in the context of digitalization of the educational space.

The on-going processes of modernization in education are aimed at increasing the level of professional competence of a modern resource teacher’s personality, at creating conditions for the realization of the intellectual and creative potential of all participants in the educational process. At present time an inclusive approach in education is becoming increasingly important; accordingly, the importance of the professional competence of future teachers is objectively increasing competitiveness. Based on the key, basic and special levels of professional readiness of young specialists, the prospects for the development and improvement of the field of Correctional Pedagogy begin to occupy dominant positions in special education. The problem of the research lies in the disclosure of topical issues of the formation of professional competencies of students in the direction of «Special (defectological) education» in the conditions of inclusive practice. The purpose of the study is to determine the main professional competencies of students enrolled in the defectological education, taking into account the inclusive approach in teaching. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, generalization. The experimental base is SEI HE MO «Moscow State Regional University». The research results: the concepts of «professional competence», «inclusive pedagogical practice» have been disclosed; three main blocks of professional competencies of resource teachers (key, basic, special), the nature of their implementation in the conditions of inclusive practice have been identified. Key conclusions are the following: the formation of students’ professional competencies (key, basic, special) is an indisputable guarantee of successful development in the process of inclusive pedagogical practice of diagnostic, design, organizational, communicative abilities of a person; key competencies determine the analysis and synthesis of one’s own pedagogical activity, basic competencies determine the knowledge, skills and abilities used in working with disabled children, special ones - reflect the professional readiness of future specialists in the implementation of a special correctional educational process.

The digitalization of higher education, the emerging trends for further improvement and implementation of e-learning and distance learning technologies have revealed the need to rethink the practices of implementing vocationally-oriented language training at a university and have led to the transition to a blended learning model. The purpose of the research: to reveal the potential of blended learning in foreign language teaching. The research methods: the method of selection, generalization and dissemination of advanced pedagogical experience. The research results: the potential of blended learning in foreign language teaching has been substantiated; the studies related to the problem of blended learning in foreign language teaching has been analyzed. Integration of digital educational resources and e-learning technologies (VLE and MIND) in the implementation of a mixed format of professionally oriented language training at a technical university expands the possibilities for creating a digital educational space as an integral component of educational activities in modern conditions. Key conclusions: Blended learning allows you to solve the problem of improving the quality of vocationally-oriented language training and the organization of academic interaction in a rotational mode; a meta-subject approach in teaching a foreign language for professional purposes creates opportunities for using existing and developing your own digital educational resources (CER); integration of ICT, allows you to achieve a qualitatively new level of delivery of educational content

The article discusses the problem of effective written foreign language communication teaching, substantiates the need to develop a methodology for teaching written foreign language communication in a nonlinguistic university. The relevance of the research is due to the high interest of employers in employees possessing foreign language business discourse skills. Business writing skills are one of the factors for a young specialist’s success. The study of the issue of training competent specialists remains in the problem field of teaching written foreign language communication in a nonlinguistic university. The problem of teaching foreign language writing was touched upon, however, the task of teaching foreign language discourse remains relevant in a nonlinguistic university and requires resolution of the contradiction between the need for specialists with written foreign language communicative competence and the development of the issue of teaching written foreign language communication in a nonlinguistic university. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodology for the development of written foreign language communicative competence in a foreign language practical lessons in a nonlinguistic university. In the course of the research the literature on the topic has been analyzed, the methods of observation and comparison have been used, and a pedagogical experiment has been carried out. The research results are of practical importance. They can be used by foreign language teachers in a nonlinguistic university in teaching «Professional foreign language», «Business foreign language», «Foreign language for professional communication», «Foreign language for business professional communication», «Foreign language in the professional sphere», «Technical foreign language», «Foreign language in the field of professional activity», «Foreign language for the profile of training». The study has showed that teaching written business discourse will be more successful if the learning process is based on a communicative-cognitive approach, the content of educational materials is situational, and an effective control system is developed.

Social and cultural realities of modern society have actualized the increase in the value of a healthy lifestyle, which gives a person some guarantees in a difficult situation of environmental, socio-economic, biotechnological threats. In this regard, one of the priority tasks of the modern education system is preservation and strengthening of the younger generation’s health. Students belong to a socially unprotected group. Therefore, the issues of preserving, strengthening and forming a value attitude to health is one of the most important problems of modernity. The education system, being the basis for the stabilization and development of the social structure, must ensure the formation of a personality with certain needs that will contribute to health preservation. Today, the number of students leading a sedentary lifestyle and subject to such bad habits as smoking, drinking alcohol, etc. remains stable. The article discusses the problem of social stimulation of the formation of students’ value attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle, analyzes approaches to basic concepts. These include «incentive», «social stimulation», «pedagogical stimulation», «health», «healthy lifestyle». Also, the principles of activity of university teachers on the formation of students’ value attitude to a healthy lifestyle have been determined.

The article analyzes modern Internet technologies that have a significant impact on the process of relations between the civil society and the state, considers the possibilities of building a dialogue between government bodies with representatives of various social groups, using modern Internet technologies. Special attention is paid to the Internet communications system, as an important principle in the implementation of the policy of openness and accessibility in the activities of public authorities, the priority of which is noted in the relevant regulatory legal acts. The article reveals the mechanism of communication of citizens with state authorities and local self-government through the system of state portals. In this regard, it is necessary to highlight an important feature of the Internet dialogue at the present time: it is close interaction between the subjects of communication, which is increasing due to the modern technical characteristics of the Internet. The relevance of the article is due to the emergence of a serious scientific interest in new forms of Internet communication. The purpose of the article is to study and consider the features of the modern Internet dialogue between the subjects of communication, which is increasing due to the modern technical characteristics of the Internet. In accordance with a specific goal, the following tasks have been set and solved: - to study the concept, forms and organization of communication via the Internet; - to find out the advantages and disadvantages of virtual communication; - to consider the features of the Internet dialogue on the Internet. The practical significance of the article lies in the use of provisions and conclusions in the process of communication between the state and civil society. The methodological basis of the article includes a systematic approach, and methods of comparison and observation. Thus, an information-rich environment can act as an effective platform for the interaction of various people and social groups, representing one of the universal means of communication and information transfer. With the growth of modern computer technologies, the forms and methods of Internet communications are constantly changing and improving. It should be noted that the Internet space is a part of modern society, in which each person has the opportunity for self-realization, which, in turn, arouses great interest from scientists in this topic.

The topic of the research is relevant to modern sociological science and social practice. The research problem lies, on the one hand, in the importance of the development of the municipality through contracts for municipal-private cooperation, and on the other hand, in the absence of a comprehensive scientific understanding of the barriers to the implementation of this process. The aim of the research is to assess the effectiveness of the management practices of city managers, in particular, their potential to attract private capital to the municipality. The methodological basis of the research in general theoretical terms is based on the new theory of institutions, in particular, on the concept of institutional evolution by D. North, and in the specific applied - focused interviews conducted with representatives of the business community and local administration in the Southern Federal District. As a result of the research, the following obstacles to the effective work of city managers have been identified: imitation practices, low qualifications of municipal employees, reduced trust of entrepreneurs, high economic risks and institutional instability. To overcome the above problems, the following recommendations have been made: to solve the problems of joining the law on PPP and MPP with anti-corruption legislation, to create a body to support MPP projects and increase business confidence in the municipality by setting clear «rules of the game» in the economic space.