Within the framework of the Indo-European discourse, the key issue is the linguistic status of the carriers of the Corded Ware cultures of the Bronze Age. Were they Indo-Europeans in the Neolithic, or did they become Indo-Europeans at some point in their history? Unfortunately, over the past half century, no new concepts of the origin of these cultures have been proposed, including the version that existed on the Middle Dnieper. At the same time, in the light of new radiocarbon dating and genetic data that have appeared over the past decades, old archaeological sources, long ago introduced into scientific circulation, have made it possible to clarify the specific mechanism for the formation of Corded Ware cultures.

The purpose of the research is to determine the origin of the Middle Dnieper variant of the Pit grave culture as ancestral to the Corded Ware culture of the region. The origin of the funeral rite has been analyzed from the point of view of its occurrence in adjacent regions in previous periods. As a result, it has been found that the funeral rite of the future carriers of Corded Ware came to the Middle Dnieper from the area of the Shcherbanev-Penezhkovskaya group of Tripoli. This conclusion turns out to be in a systematic connection with the origin as such of the technological method of cord ornamentation from the same group of the Trypillia culture. This allows us to conclude that the future Slavic-Balto-Germanic tribes during the period when they constituted a single linguistic (Nordic) group were not inhabitants of the steppes, but traditional Trypillia farmers who switched to a pastoral way of life in the Bronze Age.

The article examines the content, forms and results of the development of pedagogical education in the Kuban and Adygea in the 1920s on the basis of a wide range of factual material in the context of solving state problems and developing the local socio-cultural environment. On the basis of the research, the authors have concluded that during the investigated period there was no need to talk about the existence of planning principles and a certain system in its organization. In the course of implementing the guidelines of the central authorities for the training of socialist teachers, real local conditions were not taken into account: the low level of literacy of the population, the lack of the necessary financial, material basis, trained personnel and experience in relevant organizational work. The class selection aimed at its proletarianization had a negative effect on the qualitative level of new teachers. As the main result of the development of teacher education, the acquisition of organizational experience necessary for large-scale planned training of personnel, which has been unfolding since the early 1930s has been noted.

Violence is one of the destructive social phenomena. It is widespread in any society and has different forms of existence. The greatest attention is drawn to domestic violence, violence against family members (wives, children, elderly parents). The purpose of the research is to establish the attitude of the Dagestan peoples to spousal abuse. The object of the research is domestic violence. The subject of the research is spousal abuse. As a rule, indicators of the measurement of spousal abuse are data on the female subgroup, since it is almost always the victim. The research method is a mass standardized survey. On the basis of the research, it has been found that in the mass consciousness of the Dagestan peoples there is a negative attitude towards spousal abuse and they emphasize its inadmissibility in the family. The author's hypothesis about the key role of education as a factor influencing the family behavior of both men and women has been confirmed by the results of the research. However, the research notes the presence of inconsistency in positions: on the one hand, it emphasizes the inadmissibility of violence in the family, regardless of the circumstances, on the other hand, the focus on its application. Verification of the sociological material shows that in the male subgroup there are fewer people who oppose spousal abuse.

The article considers some issues of the development of a comprehensive school in the 1945-1950s on the basis of historical sources and monographic studies. It has been noted that in the post-war years, the problem of involving mountain girls in the education process in schools continued to be an acute problem in the country, especially in the national regions of the country. In the 1950s they began to introduce a universal seven-year education throughout the country. The primary task of the Soviet school was to educate every student, regardless of their gender, to be a worker and collectivist, a builder of a communist society.

The purpose of the article is to show the solution to the problem of enrolling girls in schools, taking into account the specific conditions of Dagestan. To resolve these difficulties, 2 types of boarding schools were created in the Republic: these are mass boarding schools and boarding schools with full state support. The latter played a big role in the education of mountain girls. The author concludes that, despite the post-war difficulties in the school education system, the systematic policy of the Soviet state in this matter, in particular, the more active participation of girls in the process of education in high school in national regions, had certain positive results.

The subject of the research is the moral content of the works of G. Tukay (26/04/1886 - 15/04/1913) the enlightener of the late XIX - early XX century. A lot has been written about the educator G. Tukay. There are Tukay scholars who have been researching the life and work of the enlightener. His creative work and pedagogical activity, as well as the educational significance of his didactic works, were noted by many contemporaries, then by Tatar, Russian, and foreign scientists and educators. His works have been translated into many languages of the world and are read all over the world. The works of the educator are available to all readers on the Internet. G. Tukay is valuable because he raised global problems reflecting the dreams and aspirations of the Tatar people. Nevertheless, G. Tukay has not yet been fully revealed as a teacher and educator, his works on the content of different areas of education have not been analyzed. This article reveals the environmental problems raised by the educator; reveals the tasks that he set for himself as an educator.

In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis of the artistic works of the educator G. Tukay, comparison, identification of the main factors of environmental education, etc. have been applied. As a result of the work, the poems "A Child and a Butterfly", "Autumn", "Signs of Spring" and the poem "Shurale" have been analyzed, in which the problem of environmental education is revealed in a peculiar and hidden way. This emphasizes the distinctive features of the enlightener's creativity. The results of the study can be applied in teaching the "History of Pedagogy and Education" in terms of the regional component of pedagogical education in universities, pedagogical colleges, advanced training of primary school teachers, the Tatar language and literature. Having analyzed the works of the educator of the late XIX - early XX century, G. Tukay, the authors have concluded that the problem of environmental education is relevant at all times. Tukay, as an educator, pays special attention to the ecological education of children, and in nature he elevates the strength of a man, love for the nature of his native land, emphasizes the creative role of a man in nature protection.

Blended learning model is based on cognitive load theory, which consists of three types: intrinsic, extraneous and germane and is connected to the working memory. Blended learning has recently become relevant. It is explained both by the need of the society for special technologies and forms of education, and by the development of new information technologies that makes it possible to consider the distance aspect of blended learning as a special autonomous technology with its own characteristics, standards and conceptual apparatus.

The article analyzes the effects of blended learning model on the learner's cognitive load in order to solve the problem of cognitive overload. The purpose of the research is to establish the "knowledge-cognition" interaction process and to explore the control strategy of adequate cognitive load in the implementation of the blended learning model in connection with cognitive psychological processes.

The method of theoretical analysis and pedagogical modeling has been used in the research. The foreign experience of using blended learning have been analyzed and pedagogical activity of the authors of the article has been reflected. The results show that the discrete knowledge can be transmitted to the learners through the structured knowledge presentation system after careful editing by an instructor-educator-designer, who affects the learning experience and the learning acquisition effect together with the digital educational environment and the learning task. It will become the mainstream direction of applied education and innovation in universities. Thus, a need for the emergence of a more flexible information educational environment is created, which allows students to gain knowledge anywhere, at any time and at their educational pace. At the same time, it is especially noted that the development of competencies of students only in distance learning format is more difficult than in the conditions of blended learning. Consequently, blended learning contributes to the development of student competencies due to a combination of various online technologie, which are aimed at the educational process.

The relevance. The need for distance learning during the pandemic and mixed learning has now led to an accelerated study of using various digital resources. Digital transformation has become a part of the educational process. This is evidenced by such documents as Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020 No. 474 "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030", which lists the achievement of "digital maturity" of key sectors of the economy and the social sphere as one of the target indicators of the national goal of "digital transformation". As well as by the "Strategy for the Digital Transformation of Science and Higher Education" and the "Passport of the Strategy of "Digital Transformation of Education", published on the websites of the Ministry of Education and Science and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Mathematical training of future primary school teachers, as well as comprehensive training, is becoming one of the most important tasks of education.

The problem of the research is to identify the most effective digital resources and methods of their application in the context of blended teaching Mathematics to future primary school teachers.

The purpose of the article is to reflect some aspects that one has to face in the real educational process during the mathematical training of future primary school teachers in the context of the digital transformation of education.

The research methods used are analysis of sources and literature on the research topic, observation, generalization of the experience of using digital resources in educational activities.

The research results and conclusions are as follows, the authors have analyzed and summarized regulatory documents; the use of digital resources in teaching mathematics has been investigated; an option of the use of digital resources presented. The study has showed the need to develop teaching aids on the use of digital resources in the process of mathematical and methodological training of future primary school teachers.

Today distance learning, is among the most relevant and promising ways of learning which is implemented using the capabilities of modern telecommunication technologies, the main role belongs to the global Internet. Meanwhile, the first experiences of using electronic educational resources in practice took place in the second half of the 20th century in the USA, Great Britain, France, China, determining an important place for distance learning in a number of additional education. The deterioration of the sanitary and epidemiological situation in 2020 sharply actualized the issues of using distance learning technologies, which is a factor confirming the relevance of the research.

The purpose of the research is to present the point of view of the pedagogical community on the problem of distance learning in modern conditions.

The research objectives are to reveal the category of "distance learning" and a number of related concepts ("online learning", "E-learning", "electronic information educational environment"); to present the experience of the universities of the Republic of Adygea in the use of educational resources (online platforms) in the practice of distance learning of higher and secondary educational institutions; to conduct a survey of the opinion of the pedagogical community on distance learning.

Material and the research methods. The solution of the tasks set was facilitated by the use of scientific research methods: theoretical ones (analysis of the experience of using distance learning technologies in the practice of educational institutions, comparison, analogy method); empirical ones (survey, observation, description). The information and analytical base was made up of information resources of the Internet network.

The research results. Distance learning is learning remotely using current educational technologies (Internet services, online learning platforms, cloud technologies, etc.). The following educational resources (online platforms) are actively used in the distance learning of the universities of the Republic of Adygea: Zoom, Skype, Moodle. A pilot study of the opinions of teachers (teachers of universities and colleges) has made it possible to identify certain problems of online learning, including the likelihood of a decrease in the quality of training of students in a distance format, a number of technical equipment problems, an insufficient level of digital literacy of teachers, etc.

Key conclusions: the basis of distance learning is information and communication resources of the Internet; the optimal software resources for organizing online learning are Zoom, Skype, Moodle; promising is the solution to the problem of creating a unified digital educational platform that allows developing unified information standards for distance learning.

Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are immersive technologies that allow users to get acquainted with digital content both in physical and virtual space, expanding the possibilities of the educational environment.

The relevance of the research is due to the growing introduction of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the educational environment.

The research problem: what are the mechanisms for using immersive technologies of augmented and virtual reality in the field of innovative development of educational services in higher education?

The aim of the research is to study the features of the application of immersive learning programs using AR/VR technologies in higher education.

The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of Internet resources and literary sources, the study and generalization of pedagogical experience, synthesis.

The results of the research are: the main advantages of using AR and VR technologies have been considered, possible options for introducing immersive educational technologies into the educational process proposed, the problems of their integration into the educational process of higher educational institutions and ways to overcome these problems identified.

Key conclusions: AR/VR technologies are a promising addition to the educational space due to their immersive nature; in higher education, the use of immersive technologies can increase student engagement in the learning process, help students understand abstract concepts, allow for more personalized learning approaches, and improve learning analytics; when introducing AR / VR into the educational process. It is necessary to determine the goals and desired learning outcomes, choose a technology for work, organize a safe learning environment, plan the course structure. The main problems in the implementation of AR / VR are the high cost of technology and development, the need for regular software and hardware updates, health and safety risks for users, and technological problems.

The relevance of the research is due to the increased interest and need of specialists of various categories in studying the history of the formation and development of rural schools in Russia.

The research problem is to conduct a scientometric analysis of thesis research containing the category "rural school" in the titles.

The purpose of the research is based on the analysis of the research fund, to show the main directions of research activities to disclose the content of the main category - "rural school".

The research objectives are to show the role of scientometric analysis as a quantitative assessment of the characteristics of dissertation research, the dynamics of the presentation of rural school problems in the titles of dissertations, to draw conclusions for further study of this problem and to determine the possibilities for the direction of this work.

The research methodology is made up of a set of methods of scientific knowledge: scientometric analysis, synthesis, generalization.

The research results. Based on the scientometric method, the article examines the study of dissertation topics containing the category "rural school" in their titles, presented in the section "Abstracts of dissertations" of the Unified Electronic Resource of the Russian State Library, which made it possible to fix the given semantic units of the studied scientific and pedagogical content and conduct their scientometric analysis, design further relevant research.

Key findings. The quantitative analysis and content of the thematic clusters presented in the article allows us to conclude that the process of turning researchers to this issue is not intensive, orderly and methodologically secure and requires further and comprehensive study in the theoretical and methodological in a practice-oriented field.

The use of innovative technologies and Internet resources in foreign language classes makes it possible to speed up and facilitate the learning process and becomes an integral part of the successful development of foreign language communicative competence among undergraduate students.

The problem of achieving the required level of formation of foreign language communicative competence of students is relevant for a number of reasons: the minimum number of classroom hours allocated to the discipline "Foreign Language"; predominance of traditional teaching methods and approaches; the unique characteristics and expectations of Gen Z students raised with digital technology.

The research problem is what innovative technologies and Internet resources contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence in foreign language classes with economic students in a non-linguistic university?

The purpose of the research is to present the experience of foreign language teachers of the Stary Oskol Institute of Technology in the use of innovative technologies in the process of forming foreign language communicative competence among economic students.

The research methods used are analysis, generalization, forecasting, observation, evaluation.

The results of the research are: the concept of "modeling of educational and speech situations" has been disclosed; a classification of professionally oriented educational and speech situations and examples of their use has been given; an example of the use of project-based learning technology has been presented; the experience of using forms of telecommunications, educational Internet resources and the MS Teams online platform in the educational process with students of economic specialties has been given.

Key conclusions: the use of innovative technologies in foreign language classes involves purposeful systematic preparation of students of economic specialties for professional and business foreign language communication, thereby ensuring the formation of foreign language communicative competence.

Today, it is beyond doubt that in the academic community the system of higher education must undergo fundamental changes. What caused this problem? Recently there has been a complete redrawing of the Soviet education system due to the transition to the Bologna format. There are many questions, but the answer is the same: the world is changing very quickly, what is relevant today, will sink into oblivion tomorrow. The competencies of modern university graduates must correspond to tomorrow's labor market demand. But not only the labor market is changing, so is the political situation. The Minister of Education of Russia, Valery Falkov, said that the Bologna process should be treated as a passed stage. The future system of higher education should become unique in all respects, the main priority of which can only be the interests of the Russian national economy, which in turn will create the maximum space of opportunities for each student. What will the education system of tomorrow look like? The author of the article makes an attempt to analyze possible trends in the future education of higher education.

The problem of a person's civic identity formation accompanies society modernization, and it is especially relevant today, not only for the development of personality traits, but also for the younger generation, who should be active citizens of their state, their homeland. Awareness of an individual to belong to a community of citizens of a certain state, on a general cultural basis, determines civic identity. Due to the fact that students of different ages have different life experiences, they need the help of a teacher when choosing life guidelines. Adolescents do not have well-established social motives, interests and sufficient experience, just as the desire for independence is not always supported by interests and sufficient experience. The requirements of the Federal State Standard state that the basis of civic identity is the basic national values.

The purpose of the research is to diagnose the formation of civic identity and patriotism among adolescents and the possible psychological and pedagogical conditions for their formation in the lessons at school, using the example of geography lessons in the course of "Geography of Russia".

The research methods used are theoretical and empirical methods, including the study of methodological approaches to understanding the problem of civic identity and patriotism formation; questioning, methods of mathematical statistics.

The results of the research have led to the following key conclusions:

1. Methodological approaches of philosophers, teachers and psychologists were used: N.A. Berdyaev, M.S. Kagan, K.D. Ushinsky, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, V.I. Galperin, who studied the spiritual and moral basis of a personality, psychological and spiritual mentality of people, and folk values in education.
2. Analysis of the results of the survey of students of 8-9 grades of MBOU "Maikop Gymnasium No. 22" in the 2021/2022 academic year, the positive results of the pedagogical experiment proved the validity of the proposed methodology for teaching the course of the "Geography of Russia", the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical conditions in the formation of knowledge of patriotic content, increasing the level of formation of civic identity and moral and patriotic position.

Currently, a teacher is assigned new roles, that of a designer, an organizer, a mentor. He/she is presented with academic freedom in designing and selecting the content of academic disciplines.

The relevance of the research lies in the unresolved issue of how to design the content of education in higher education. The purpose of the research is to study the real state of the problem of pedagogical research related to the design of the content of general professional disciplines in technical universities. For this purpose monitoring of students studying general professional disciplines at a technical university has been organized and carried out.

The main tasks are to identify students' ideas about the relationship between the content of general professional disciplines and the future profession, to determine the means to motivate students to study, to determine the forms and methods of teaching demanded by students.

The research methods used are questionnaire, analysis synthesis, generalization. The Yaroslavl State Technical University was the experimental base. As a result, the data obtained will be used to identify conditions that will allow the formation of the content of general professional disciplines that correspond to the focus of training and allow students to effectively master the disciplines.

Key conclusions: for further research on the problem of designing the content of a general professional discipline, it is advisable to pay attention to the following: mastering the discipline will be effective and fruitful if students have an awareness of the importance of new knowledge in their future professional activities; students need to show a visible connection between the discipline being studied and the rest of the disciplines of the curriculum; to increase the interest of students and orient the content to the direction of training, it is required to involve an employer in the educational process.

The modernization of the higher education system, due to the rapid growth of digital technologies, implies a rethinking of the didactic and technological principles of organizing the educational process, creation and implementation of unique educational content, including electronic publications. Among the variety of electronic publications, a special place is occupied by a digital textbook. Despite the fact that the digital textbook is considered as the most promising means of organizing students' independent work in an electronic educational environment in the scientific and methodological literature. Today the influence of this tool on the of students and the organization of the educational process remains poorly understood. Before talking about the widespread introduction of a digital textbook, like any other innovative teaching tool, it is necessary to identify its impact on the psychophysiological characteristics of a student's personality. As a result, we can talk about the existence of a scientific problem: what impact should a digital textbook have on the subjects of the educational environment so that it can be considered as an integral structural component of the digital educational environment. The purpose of the research is to determine the potential of a digital textbook as an effective means of preparing a student for future professional activities, and to identify psychological and didactic problems that may be caused by the introduction of this innovative learning tool. The research methods used are analysis, questioning, conversation, survey, generalization, description, testing, Pearson's statistical test. The results of the research are the difference between a digital textbook and an electronic textbook and an electronic form of a textbook has been revealed. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the results of empirical research, two main psychological and didactic problems of introducing a digital textbook into the educational process of a university have been identified: 1) it is associated with the consequence of an increase in the degree of direct impact on the mental processes of users of a digital textbook in the course of mastering or fixing educational material by them ; 2) due to the technical features of creating a digital textbook that meets the requirements of teaching aids; the experience of using the digital textbook "Mathematics for Economists" in the educational process in the direction of preparation 38.05.01 and 38.03.02 has been presented; the results of an online survey, a survey, a conversation between students and teachers about the advisability of using a digital textbook in the educational process have been shown. Key findings: online survey, conversation and survey of students has made it possible to identify students' interest in using a digital textbook in the educational process; analysis of web metrics of sections of the digital textbook contributed to determining the degree of its demand among students and university teachers; based on the results of testing students, at a significance level of 0.05 in accordance with the decision rule of the Pearson statistical criterion, the influence of
a digital textbook on the formation of educational results and on the speed of mastering educational material was revealed. Based on the results of a survey of students and conversations with teachers, the following ways have been identified: 1) improving the digital textbook as a learning tool, taking into account its impact on the psychophysiological characteristics of a student's personality; 2) optimization of the educational process, taking into account the use of a digital textbook.

Special military operation has objectively aggravated the problem of revising the attitude to an officer's career, at the head of which should be the maximum meritocratic criteria of promotion. In this context it is required to define at what stages and under what conditions the most and the least effective career movements take place, to reveal the driving forces and mechanisms of an officer's career.

The article considers and analyzes the genesis of officers' careers in three periods: 1) pre-revolutionary (18th century - 1917), 2) Soviet (1917-1991) and 3) post-Soviet, contemporary (since 1992 till the present). The peculiarities and specificity of an officer's career in peacetime and wartime have been revealed. The urgency is characterized by the introduction of the mechanism of stratification movement of officers of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a "program" of selection on higher posts of the best candidates, on the basis of meritocratic principle. Thus, the analysis presented in the article allows us to conclude that the development and implementation of the career mechanism is an important practical and scientific task. There is a search for the optimal model of an officer's career, taking into account the age, professional and job qualifications, as well as historical experience and the requirements of the ongoing special military operation.

The article provides an overview of the cultural life of Bautzen - a city in the East Germany - in order to identify ways to implement the cultural policy of the European Union in small towns. It has been noted that peripheral cities and rural settlements, due to the comprehensive informatization of public life, are today in the field of intense influence of political ideology in the field of social development and culture. Based on the principles of evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of cultural policy, defined by the Russian researchers, the culture of modern Bautzen has been considered in the following areas: attitude to historical cultural heritage, cultural events and coverage of participants, artistic life, education in the field of art, culture of ethnic minorities, sports, informatization, demography. In conclusion, the extent has been shown to which the regional cultural policy corresponds to the general political concepts of the European Union in the field of culture. In particular, the attitude of the authorities to the cultural potential of the region is of a dual nature: 1) attention is focused on the ideology of preserving the cultural identity of the territorial community; 2) culture becomes an important resource for the socio-economic well-being of the region.