The article highlighted the main directions of educational and social and political activities of teachers of Dagestan in the prewar years in a multinational region where the strong influence of Islam, the Muslim clergy and local traditions dominated. Taking into account the experience of predecessors, using new historiographic developments, reliable source material that has not been previously involved in scientific circulation, it was demonstrated that in the conditions of general development of the educational system, strengthening discipline in educational institutions, raising the ideological and political level of teachers, their activities in raising children and youth increasingly acquired an anti-war orientation and a massive patriotic and defense-sporting character. The article reflects the assistance to the teacher’s corps of the republic in this field of activity from party, Komsomol, trade union, public organizations, voluntary sports societies, and shows the participation of active teachers, pedagogical students in the political life of Dagestan and their contribution to the spiritual and moral, physical and patriotic education of the younger generation. The study and use of this historical experience gained by past generations seems extremely relevant and important, especially in light of citizenship education of modern youth.

The article considers the first historical experience of forming Circassian hundreds of Kuban-Gorsky cavalry-irregular regiments to participate in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The issue of the military community of the peoples of Russia is always of exceptional importance for their awareness of the history common with Russia and for patriotic education of future generations. And in the context of consideration of the Russian-Caucasian military community, the study of such a positive experience in recruiting the Circassian hundreds of the Kuban-Gorsky cavalry-irregular regiment becomes relevant. In the course of solving the problem the author has followed the principle of science and objectivity in conducting research, he has used a corresponding wide range of sources on the history of the Circassians (Circassians), which includes a large amount of archival material, assuming a comprehensive coverage of historical facts on the problem. The principle of historicism also plays a significant role in the study of the problem, which allows us to consider the activities of the civilian county government and the military command of the Kuban region in dynamics from actual events in specific historical conditions to theoretical discussions about their causes and consequences. The article revealed successful activities of the county civil authorities of the Kuban region and the regiment command to overcome the difficulties that had arisen during the formation of the Circassian hundreds of the Kuban-Gorsky cavalry-irregular regiment; the main one was to maintain piece in Circassian villages and to prevent disturbances in them. The facts of desertion of the lower ranks of the regiment did not undermine the fighting efficiency of the regiment riders due to the efforts of Lieutenant General Karmalin, the head of the Maikop Uyezd Mamatsev and the regiment commander Lieutenant Colonel Pentyukhov. An unshakable faith of Lieutenant General Karmalin in the steadfastness of the morale of horsemen of the Kuban-Gorsky cavalry-irregular regiment, in a high degree of their readiness to fight for the interests of Russia was truly surprising was. The author has come to the conclusion that the history of formation of the Circassian hundreds of the Kuban-Gorsky regiment in 1877 clearly shows one of the most effective ways to attract painlessly the highlanders of the Kuban region to military service in the Russian Empire. At the same time, the Russian authorities in the Kuban region received a potentially new generation of aul administrators in the persons of young representatives of the Circassian noble families, who passed the test of allegiance to the Russian throne by their service in the highland regiment.

The purpose of the research is to develop a scientifically based and experimentally proven “STEP 8.0” computer program for training and monitoring testing. To achieve the intended goal, it is necessary to solve the following problems: to analyze theoretical and methodological aspects of the implementation of the intensive method of teaching foreign language to future merchant navy specialists with the prospect of obtaining effectiveness; to verify experimentally the effectiveness of the developed “STEP 8.0” computer program. In solving the tasks, the following research methods have been used: analysis of psychological, pedagogical, methodological and linguistic literature related to information and communication technologies on the research problem; observation of the process of teaching English to future navigators. The result of the research, tested experimentally, can be used by foreign languages teachers of maritime universities.

The article considers social and pedagogical advocacy on the rights of minors. This technology is a relevant tool for the protection of rights and legitimate interests of minors today. The author characterizes the features of the role positions of subjects of social and pedagogical advocacy. The study was conducted on the basis of the results of social protection activities of VROOI “A Glimmer of Hope” (Voronezh) public organization. Social and pedagogical advocacy is a type of activity in which parents of children whose rights and legitimate interests are violated, public organizations or active citizens organize activities to protect a specific violated right or legitimate interest of a minor that affects his successful socialization and upbringing. The subjects whose role positions are characterized include minors, whose rights and legitimate interests require social and pedagogical advocacy, their parents and representatives of public organizations that implement social and pedagogical advocacy in practice. Each of the subjects is considered according to the degree of its participation in advocacy, personal characteristics that allow implementing social and pedagogical advocacy with varying degrees of success. Role positions are considered on the example of children with disabilities and their parents. The author describes difficulties in the process of interaction between the subjects of advocacy, which may have a negative impact on the effectiveness of advocacy.

The article analyzes the problem of formation of a natural science picture in preschool children. It’s been determined that the main role here is assigned to pre- school educational institution teachers. The authors have identified and described the components of formation of a system of natural science knowledge in teachers. When identifying the components, the following factors have been considered: social mandate for a preschool educational organization; low level of initial science knowledge in 1st year students; value-oriented installations for the environmentally safe development of Russia; free development of a child’s personality and his/her self-realization in society. The results of the research indicate the need for the formation of ideas about the natural science picture of the world not only in university students - future pre- school educational institution teachers, but also in trainees. The authors have proposed several solutions to the problem, that are being successfully implemented in the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, namely, when developing curricula according to the standards of the 3++ Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of 44.03.05 Pedagogical education (with two training profiles) the discipline “Fundamentals of ecological culture” has been introduced; “Naurasha in the country of Naurandia” digital laboratory is used in the educational process of future Bachelors and Masters; lectures on topical problems of natural science world picture formation have been introduced for pre- school educational institution teachers in the refresher courses; lectures and practical exercises on natural science world picture formation in children have been developed as part of a professional retraining program for teachers without pedagogical education.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of improving the methodology of working with text problems on “uniform processes” (finding the fourth proportional), which form the concept of a direct and inversely proportional relationship between values in younger students. Problems of this type cause the greatest difficulties for younger students. One of the ways to increase the effectiveness of training solving problems is to use creative problems for compiling and transforming tasks. The purpose of the research is to identify and systematize techniques for organizing students' activities in the process of forming the ability to solve problems of finding the 4th proportional (“rule of three” problems). In the course of the research structurally meaningful components of the algorithm for working on a text problem at the fixing stage are specified. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development and implementation of the author’s version of the system of creative tasks, which allow designing test and diagnostic materials in accordance with the solution of specific didactic goals at various stages of formation of skills for solving “rule of three” problems. Experimental testing of materials has been carried out on the basis of MBEI “Secondary School No. 1” of Giaginsky settlement of the Republic of Adygea. The increase in the reliability of the findings is facilitated by the use of a statistical technique for the dependent sample - the “Sign Criterion” statistics. As a result, an alternative hypothesis has been confirmed: the quality of training in solving problems of finding the fourth proportional one will increase if creative exercises on compiling and transforming tasks are offered at all stages of work on tasks. Research methods: pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics (“Sign Criterion”).

The relevance of the research consists in the fact that the folk wisdom of any nation contains morals for all occasions. Scientific researches usually consider only positive examples of educational value, despite the fact that folk wisdom contains thoughts that warn of danger. The problem is that it is necessary to uncover the thoughts of the Tatar people about ensuring life safety in everyday conditions, in particular in relations with a neighbor. The Tatar people are versatile and diverse in revealing and describing relations and interactions with their neighbors. Tatar folk proverbs and sayings contain more thoughts about a positive attitude towards a neighbor than careful handling of them. The purpose of this study is to reveal folk wisdom from the point of view of ensuring life safety at the household level. Empirical methods such as observation, comparing proverbs and sayings with the experience of people in real life, and theoretical methods such as abstraction, analysis and synthesis, idealization, induction and deduction, mental modeling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, etc. have been used in the research. As a result, the authors have revealed that Tatar Folk Pedagogy, in particular, proverbs and sayings contain many examples of how to properly organize relations with neighbors, to keep distance, to be compliant, to live in harmony and peace, to know the recommendations and adhere to the instructions of Folk Pedagogy, so that one doesn’t run into trouble. All this in the end will preserve the life and health of people, it’s something everyone should know about, because everyone has beloved neighbors. Key findings: examples from the Tatar Folk Pedagogy are offered to students at pedagogical universities in History of Pedagogy, Psychology, Theory and methods of educational work, and Life safety classes in the area of preparation of 4.03.01 “Pedagogical education”.

The relevance of the article is due to the lack of attention to the issues of studying literary works through the prism of the concepts of artistic time and space in Literature lessons at school. The use of the categories of artistic time and space in the analysis of a work allows us to expand theoretical and literary knowledge of students, improve the perception of a literary text, and form an adequate emotional and value attitude to it. Their consideration is carried out in conjunction with plot, compositional and genre features of a literary work. The article outlines the problem of the need to disclose the main ways of studying a literary work on the basis of the analysis of a chronotope. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of studying a literary work in the aspect of artistic time and space in the lessons of native (Tatar) Literature in a secondary school. The research methods used are theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization of information. The results. The study of a literary work in the aspect of artistic time and space is based on the phased development of the categories of chronotope; analysis of specific chronotopic images; use of binary oppositions in the analysis of literary text; students' understanding of the existence of different types of spatio-temporal relationships.

The article is devoted to the organization of educational process that meets the requirements of the modern educational standard. The need to find methodological ways and create favorable conditions in the lesson has been caused by the need to improve the quality of school education. The authors point out the problem associated with the difficulties of students learning chemical concepts that are quite abstract in nature. Most concepts of the Chemistry course are represented by symbols, the assimilation of which requires their memorization, sometimes mechanical memorization and fragmentary perception. The ability to operate with concepts is not developed by every student; his absence prevents the further assimilation of the subsequent topics of the Chemistry course. Such concepts as communication, reaction, transformations, which have a procedural meaning, are subjected to even more difficult assimilation. In this regard the research goal has been defined, which consists in the search and creation of necessary conditions aimed at establishing positive motivation for the subject, formation of knowledge and development of intellectual skills. In their opinion, the concepts associated with chemical processes can be represented in the form of an educational comic book. To identify an educational request among middle school students, the authors conducted a survey, the results of which determined their preferred genre. A comparison of the literary genre with educational material has made it possible to use comics in the process of mastering chemical concepts. The advantages of such a technique, expressed in the associative perception of educational material, have been highlighted. The article describes the learning technology, design stages, requirements and examples of analogies. In the implementation of this learning technology project activity acts as a form of educational process organization, and the process of creating a comic strip becomes an artistic and educational creative design. In the given lesson planning, a description of the lesson at the stage of systematization of chemical concepts is presented. The main result of pedagogical action is to establish positive motivation for students in the educational process. The authors have come to this conclusion as a result of reflection in the classroom, as well as pedagogical observation during approbation of the technique at seminars and courses. Thus, this technology can be used as a technique that establishes motivation among schoolchildren aimed at generalizing and creating a holistic picture of the material studied.

In the modern world where technology dominates almost all aspects of our lives, the “one size fits all” solution does not work. Today consumers require “personalization”, businesses follow willingly this approach to make a product or service more attractive to their target customers. This also applies to education, when the academic environment allows students to manage their own learning experiences. Recently, e-learning, i.e. training using information and communication technologies has become popular. To be more effective e-learning should be personalized. The use of artificial intelligence technologies can be a way to achieve this goal. The aim of the research is to study the possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies for e-learning personalization. The research methods were comparative and system analysis, a logical approach. The article considers the main approaches to personalized learning, especially the personalization of e-learning. Possibilities of using artificial intelligence technologies in e-learning personalization have been studied and described in detail. It’ been concluded that artificial intelligence technologies facilitate personalized e-learning without the need to increase the requirements for teachers.

The article reveals the relevance of professional development of teachers of a non-governmental educational institution, due to the innovative nature of their activities and focus on revealing the potential of each child and the formation of his/her personality. The research problem has been initiated by increasing the role of professional communities as a form of advanced training for teachers and their opportunities for teachers of non-governmental educational institutions. The purpose of the study has been to justify theoretically, develop and test experimentally the effectiveness of a professional community model of teachers of a non-governmental educational institution as a self-learning organization. A number of theoretical and experimental methods have been used in the research, which included analysis of literature, modeling, design, data generalization, survey, observation, questionnaire, experiment, methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. In course of the research the following characteristics of activities of non-governmental educational institutions have been identified: a synergistic approach to administration; administration optimality; a non-governmental educational institution’s concept and development strategy and orientation to social needs. The main ideas for designing professional development of teachers of a non-governmental educational institution are as follows: interconnection of professional development with the concept of a non-governmental educational institution; consistency of professional development programs with the goals and values of school; orientation of professional development to improve the quality of education; providing professional development with evidence and examination of the effectiveness of educational activities; use of cooperation and expert task; duration of professional development programs and the priority of professional development in the activities of school management.

Interactions between members of human society, transmission and exchange of general information occur through communication, and here language plays the main role. In the process of verbal communication, the selection of language tools takes place, which allows to achieve the stated communicative tasks in a particular speech situation, subject to ethical standards of communication. The relevance of the article is justified by the increased interest of researchers in the problem of speech etiquette and attention to communication issues in modern society. The purpose of the article is to determine the main provisions related to the problem of speech etiquette. The research methods are theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization. The authors have presented the following results: the concept of “speech ethics” has been clarified; the parameters for the selection of forms of speech etiquette for use in a specific speech situation have been determined; the relationship of the theory of speech etiquette with aspects of sociolinguistics, stylistics, the generation of texts and verbal means of communication have been traced. Conclusions: the problem of speech etiquette is wide and diverse. Speech etiquette is a collection of rules and forms. Knowing and understanding the forms of speech etiquette helps to achieve the stated communicative task. As part of the linguistic existence of speech etiquette can be seen from the point of view of various sources.

The relevance of the article is due to the need to build a system for the formation of professional patriotism in the general process of vocational training in secondary vocational educational institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify structural components of the pedagogical model of professional patriotism formation among students of secondary vocational schools, to determine conditions for the effectiveness of the model functioning. The research methods used are theoretical analysis, synthesis, generalization, modeling. The author has presented the following results: the basic components of the pedagogical model (target, organizational, substantive and evaluative) have been identified; the goals and objectives of the model implementation have been indicated; pedagogical conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of the functioning of the model have been identified, stages of the pedagogical model implementation have been determined; forms, methods and means of model implementation have been presented; methods and levels for evaluating the effectiveness of the model (high, medium and low levels) have been proposed. The author has noted social and psychological and pedagogical features of students in secondary vocational schools. Conclusions: professional patriotism is an emerging personality trait, the process of professional patriotism formation is a part of the general educational process in an educational institution, the model of professional patriotism formation involves inclusion of special forms, methods, tools and conditions aimed at developing components of professional patriotism in each personality in the educational process.

The article is devoted to the use of authentic texts in teaching a foreign language in a technical university. The relevance of the research is associated with globalization and integration processes taking place in modern society, with the rapid development of science and advanced information technologies. In the context of expanding international contacts and establishing relations with foreign partners, training of highly qualified engineers requires the improvement of the methodology of professionally oriented foreign language teaching. The aim of the research is to justify the appropriateness of using non-adapted authentic texts as a necessary condition for professional and communicative foreign language competence formation of future specialists. Methods of observation, comparison, analysis have been used in the research. The author has analyzed various scientific approaches to the use of texts in the process of professional foreign language teaching; arguments regarding the inefficiency of using constructed and simplified authentic texts have been presented, advantages of working with non-adapted original sources at the first stage of the educational process have been noted. In the article the author shares his observations on increasing the motivation of students to master the language of a future profession, introduces personal experience in delivering texts and methods of working with them at various stages of education using the example of the Bachelor's course “Land Management and Cadastres”. The paper notes the results achieved by using non-adapted authentic texts to the educational process: overcoming the psychological language barrier, increasing linguistic and professional motivation, activating educational activities, and optimizing the learning process. The author comes to the conclusion that well-chosen and correctly used texts contribute to successful implementation of the goals of professionally-oriented teaching of a foreign language at a technical university.

The article analyzes the socializing effect of social institutions on the formation of an officer’s professional identity as the main subject of socialization of army conscripts. The officer appears to be the main element of the army as a social institution, and the central link in the communication system that transmits information flows from the high command to the direct executors of orders and commands, and vice versa. It is indicated that at the beginning of the service the officer should have a wide range of personal qualities, among which must necessarily be developed morality, rational self-criticism and a constant need for self-improvement, a conscientious attitude to his professional duties, a humane attitude to his subordinates, mental stability and prevalence of optimistic moods, good health, ability to understand people, knowledge and ability to apply ways of influencing people, desire for esthetics in an appearance and spatial environment in which the service takes place, etc. The research examines the socializing effect of the state on the officer as the main subject of the formation of an ideological component of the officer’s identity and the main guarantor of social protection of a military man. Social, economic, cultural and psychological aspects of the influence of family, school, military university and professional communication with colleagues at the place of service on the officer’s formation have been also identified. The research methodology is based on structural and functional analysis of the sphere of socializing impact on personal and professional formation of an officer. In conclusion, the idea is drawn that the effectiveness of the army in ensuring state security depends directly on the ability of officers to accumulate cultural capital.

The article considers social mobility as an object of management in the field of state civil service, and substantiates its relevance and highlights problems that need to be studied in more detail; one of them is the search for effective tools for managing social mobility of public civil servants. Social mobility as a social phenomenon of modern society is understood as a key personal and institutional characteristic of a designated area that has a number of features, one of which is its strict regulation by legislative and regulatory acts. The organized nature of the social mobility of civil servants, along with positive effects, can give the opposite result. The article also provides data of sociological studies confirming the existence of systemic problems in the field of public civil service and the need to optimize activities of the employees themselves, whose social mobility is considered as one of the mandatory professional competencies. The tools for managing social mobility in government agencies presented in the article are the result of domestic and foreign experience analysis, as well as personal experiences of the author.

The article discusses the cult behavior of the Mountain Jews, the frequency of their observance of religious precepts and rules of Judaism. The study of the cult behavior of the Mountain Jews using F.N. Ilyasov’s methodology of diagnosing religiosity, where “faith” and “attitude to religious (atheistic) activity” are used as indicators, allows us to classify them as active and passive. It has been found that the Mountain Jews show the behavior inherent to “convinced believers” in terms of participation in religious practice, although in terms of the totality of indicators there is also a behavior characteristic of the types of “hesitant”, “unbelievers” and “convinced unbelievers”. At the same time, the interviewed Mountain Jews demonstrate the cult behavior activity, expressed in visiting synagogues, reading religious texts, prayers and abstinence. Meanwhile, there is also a certain inconsistency between the religious behavior declared by the Mountain Jews and their real cult behavior. According to the results of the study, it has been established that the religious factor plays a key role in the daily life of the Mountain Jews and regardless of their worldview (a confident believer, a believer, a hesitating person, an unbeliever, a convinced unbeliever) they are focused on observing the precepts of their faith in the family, marital and funeral ritual sphere.