The article considers the problem that has not been studied in regional historiography, namely the daily life of the rural population in Dagestan in the first decade of the Soviet power. The problems of everyday life are especially relevant for studying the regional history of the Soviet period. The formation of a new type of society, which began in the 1920s in the republic, entailed fundamental changes in the social structure of its population, material environment, etc. The scientific problem considered in the article has not been covered in the writings of Dagestan social scientists, and represents one of the important aspects of the socio-economic history of Dagestan. It is noted that the main occupation of the Dagestan highlanders is cattle breeding. Traditional forms of cattle breeding are shown on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach. The harsh living and working conditions of sheep farmers are characterized. The synthesis of micro and macro historical approaches allowed us to show the recovery processes in animal husbandry after the establishment of the Soviet power and its socialization. The land scarcity of Dagestan determined the occupation of the mountaineers - cattle breeding; grazing lands contributed to the distant form of cattle ranching; the shepherd’s hard work was poorly paid. The article shows the work of agricultural specialists in livestock breeding. The authors concluded that during the investigated period, cattle breeding still occupied an important place in the economy of the Dagestan highlanders. The highlander followed traditional methods in cattle breeding. Gradually, peasant cattle breeding was declining, giving way to a public herd.

The article considers the problem of the origin and development of the “atalychestvo” institution, as one of the customs that existed in the past among the Dagestan peoples, which has practically disappeared in the modern period. In our opinion, the investigated problem will help to reveal the features of the social education of children and provide them with social protection in difficult life situations. The characteristics of this custom given in the article give us an idea of the causes and specifics of the atalychestvo functioning. The research is relevant due to the fact that public institutions, including atalychestvo, has important theoretical and practical significance in the context of global processes, in which the historical past and the specifics of the development of various peoples, with pronounced ethnic features, are ignored. It should also be noted that the origin, history, true nature and social significance of this phenomenon have not fully explained yet. Currently, atalychestvo is considered to be a surviving and endangered phenomena, and thereby attracts quite justified attention of the scientific community. There is an evidence of the existence of atalychestvo in the past for many Caucasian peoples, and the term “atalychestvo”, established in the Caucasian literature, was taken from the word “atalyk”, which was the name of the person who took the child to be raised. Particular attention is paid to the study of this phenomenon in the context of the historical evolution of the Dagestan peoples, which have both general and special features of development. In the study of various aspects of the investigated problem the authors have used rich source material on the subject, in particular, the works and memoirs of contemporaries of the described events and phenomena.

The review is devoted to the relevance of Constitutionology, it is one of the directions of a new scientific discipline of Medical Anthropology. The concept of constitution is characterized and the stages of its formation as a scientific direction are highlighted. The author highlights that the beginning of the twentieth century is a special period in the development of domestic Constitutionology associated with the creation of a wide network of anthropological centers in the system of Academies of sciences of the Union republics and university societies, which contributed to the expansion of the anthropological research. The activity of the centers of that period made it possible to collect a considerable amount of information reflected in monographic publications and articles that helped to give a fairly complete somatological survey of the peoples of the Soviet Union. The author considers historical materials of the indicated period devoted to the study of Anthropology and the state of health of the Adyghs. The research was conducted in 1928. The expedition was headed by professor K.R. Miram, head of the Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology of the North Caucasus State University. Doctor A.Kh. Bzhasso was appointed deputy head, the expedition was attended by highly qualified doctors from Krasnodar and Rostov. Attention is drawn to the scientific value of the presented materials and the need for periodic repetition of this kind of research, which makes it possible to assess and control changes in the state of health of the population and identify risk groups.

The article analyzes the literary activities of J.S. Bell, the British emissary in Circassia in 1830s. Particular attention is paid to the historical aspects of his activity in establishing communication between the Adyghs (the Circassians) of the North-West Caucasus and propagating the ideas of the Circassian liberation movement in the UK. The conclusion is substantiated that J. S. Bell’s activity, firstly, reflected two interconnected levels of the British diplomacy - an entrepreneurial level and a political one; secondly, it contributed to the formation of a positive image of Circassia in the European consciousness. It is emphasized that J.S. Bell’s literary heritage and his position on the Circassian issue give an idea ofthe views of a part of British society interested in activating English politics on the east coast of the Black Sea. It is concluded that J.S. Bell’s book goes beyond the scope of the memoir literature of an ordinary traveler. There is a lot of information about the organization of the daily life of the Adygh society, and a detailed analysis of the realities of political activities of the Adyghs is given. J.S. Bell’s literary heritage is a unique factual and illustrative material about the inner life of Circassia. The authors concluded that the establishment of relations between the British and the Adygh peoples contributed to political interaction and actualization of the Circassian issue in the international arena. Issues of political and cultural communication, formation of a positive image of the country are the topics that deserve close analysis.

The article considers the competency-based approach in preparing future special needs teachers for professional activities. The purpose, content and essence of the competency-based approach are highlighted, its features are indicated. The concepts of competency-based approach, competence, professional competence are revealed and the views of some scientists on these provisions are examined. Particular attention is paid to the competencies necessary for special needs teachers, as well as the main types of professional activity of specialists in the field of special (defectologic) education. The relevance of the research topic. The demand for a competency-based approach in the system of higher professional education is determined by the current state of the labor market, which requires a specialist of the “new generation” - mobile, able to navigate in the flow of information, regularly self-educated and owning knowledge and skills in the field of his professional activity. Formulation of the problem. The most important place in the vocational education system is given to the training of a qualified, competent, competitive specialist who knows his profession, capable of improving his knowledge throughout his professional life, his social and professional mobility. The introduction of such a competency-based approach into the system of higher professional education is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of specialists, improving relations with the labor market, as well as updating the content and methodology of education, in particular the creation of an appropriate learning environment. The purpose of the study is to implement the competency-based approach and its features in the preparation of future special needs teachers. The research Methods. In the research theoretical and empirical methods were used (analysis, observation, questionnaire). The results and key findings. As a result of the study, the concept of a competency-based approach was disclosed, the research of domestic and foreign scientists within the framework of this approach was analyzed, an analysis of the formation of knowledge about the necessary competencies of future defectologists was conducted, and ways to improve them were proposed.

Historical and ethnographic descriptions of the unique Adygh pedagogical institute of upbringing in a stranger’s house (atalychestvo) are informative sources that allow later researchers to clarify the important aspects of its formation and features of functioning. In this research foreign sources are considered that have a much wider time coverage than Russian descriptions of the atalychestvo. The work uses historical and ethnographic descriptions of Western and Eastern travelers, missionaries, political agents who visited Circassia in the 15th-19th centuries. The use of the problem-chronological approach made it possible to reflect the phased nature of the formation of ideas about this pedagogical institute, exotic for foreigners. It is important that these sources also reflect the second side of the atalychestvo, when it was used as a way to consolidate suzerain-vassal relations both within Circassia and between the Circassian nobility and the Gireys - the ruling house of the Crimean Khanate. The work revealed that the foreign political variety of atalychestvo is more adequately described by the eastern authors. The article presents the author’s original interpretation of ancient sources (the dedication of Tsar Bosporus Levkon I) about the much earlier sources of the formation of the atalychestvo institution than previously imagined

The relevance of the research topic consists in assessing and comparing the formation of competencies in future pharmacists in two educational standards (FSES HE 3+ and FSES HE 3 ++). The purpose of the research is to study the formation and implementation of competencies in the professional field on the example of some disciplines of the elective courses of the educational program in the field of Pharmacy according to the Federal State Educational Standard 3+; to consider the formation of competencies of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education 3 ++. The following research methods were used: analysis of literary sources, synthesis, comparison method. As a result of the study, it was determined that the elective disciplines of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3+ mastered most of the professional ones, one third of the general professional ones and half of the general cultural competencies in addition to the basic disciplines. The competency-based approach in educational activities in the field of Pharmacy continues to develop and undergo significant changes, which are reflected in the new Federal State Educational Standard 3+. According to the new standard, the organization forms professional competencies independently on the basis of professional standards and the needs of the regional labor market, thereby striving to bring educational disciplines closer to the primary accreditation of a specialist and to the professional activities of a pharmacist.

The article presents one of the options for the formation of functional mathematical literacy of primary schoolchildren using intersubject integration, based on the informational and categorical approach. The requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, the State Program of the Russian Federation “Development of Education” (2018-2025) involve the training and education of a new person who has “skills of the 21st century”, which contains mathematical, reading, scientific, financial, and global competencies. There is a contradiction between the need to form the above mentioned competencies among students at different stages, including elementary school, and the insufficient development of methods and technologies for achieving the goals of competency-based education. This contradiction determines the relevance of the research. There is a problem in the selection of effective methods and technologies in the formation of functional mathematical literacy of students. The relevance and problem of the study determine its purpose: to identify effective methods for the formation of functional mathematical literacy in elementary school. The results of our study has shown that the achievement of the goal is facilitated by the implementation of intersubject integration in the educational activities of elementary schoolchildren, which, in turn, is based on an informational and categorical approach. The ideas reflected in the article can be used at the next stages of training in a secondary general educational school.

A modern Master of technical areas and specializations deals with solving technical issues at enterprises and performing complex engineering projects. The main activity of the Master is the pursuit of maximum energy and resource conservation policies at industrial enterprises. The latter is achieved by deep study of issues related to calculations, design and engineering of technological equipment units for the production of semi-finished products and their distribution between production technologies. The expansion of industrial production based on advanced technology requires the involvement of a number of modern innovative equipment in the technological cycle, providing a high parametric level of production processes and optimal conditions, which in turn create the prerequisites for obtaining high -quality products. The ability to develop, implement new projects and evaluate their impact and significance on technological and economic growth independently is a necessary competence of each graduate Master. In the process of Master's education, the most important aspect of training specialists is the study of disciplines of a calculating nature, which are considered in the article as the basis of the professional competencies of a graduate Master. Another important aspect of the successful study of such disciplines is the presence of basic knowledge in previous and related disciplines. The result of the implementation of calculating courses of education should be an increase in the quality of student training in master programs.

Nowadays the processes of globalization that have covered all spheres of social life, dictate the need for changes in educational paradigms that provide the basis for the formation of a competitive personality, ready for intercultural dialogue. So, it is precisely the middle level of a secondary school that is the sensitive period for the formation of the educational trajectory that is necessary to form communicative and compensatory competence aimed at the ability of schoolchildren to search for and integrate strategic moves in the process of communicative interaction in a foreign language that are adequate to the communicative situation and that contribute to the positive impact of intercultural contact. Despite a sufficient number of works devoted to the formation of communicative competence, solutions to the issue of forming the communicative and compensatory competence of middle-level students have not been identified. This is the problem of the research. The basis for the implementation of the above task is to consider the issue from the perspective of its historical formation, which will allow us to penetrate deeper into the process of the problem formation in retrospect and better understand its state in modern science, thereby emphasizing the relevance of the research. Due to the relevance of the problem, the aim of the study is to develop the genesis of the formation of the communicative and compensatory competence of middle-level students as a prerequisite for the formation of the communicative-compensatory competence of middle-level students and the basis of the current state of the investigated issue. To analyze the problem of forming the communicative and compensatory competence of middle-level students deeply, we used the method of periodization, since it allowed us to determine and justify its occurrence, as well as identify ways to solve it and further develop the issue under study. Identifying the genesis of the researched problem which includes four stages of its development and reflect an increase in theoretical and practical interest in the problem of forming communicative and compensatory competence of middle-level students is the result of the research.

The article substantiates the relevance of improving the quality of professional training of future lawyers at a university due to the new requirements for the competence of legal experts in the context of improving Russian statehood and society. The following approaches to the professional training of lawyers have been revealed on the basis of analysis, generalization and systematization of studies of the problem of legal development: deontological approach, aimed at the formation of a value attitude to the profession and professional identity; development of soft skills as key competencies, mastery of which contributes to career growth; dual training and mentoring, providing professional socialization of future specialists. The requirements for a modern lawyer have been formulated: lifelong learning, image building, public speaking, knowledge of information and communication technologies. The possibilities of dual training for the organization of mentoring have been considered, such as training practical skills by a highly qualified specialist, which ensures not only the transfer of professional skills, but also the formation of a value attitude to the profession, professional socialization skills and soft skills. A legal clinic providing a combination of dual training with mentoring, meeting current trends in the development of FSE and professional training of legal specialists is considered as a form of practice. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, analogy and modeling have been used in the research. The conclusion is drawn about the advantages of using the considered approaches and forms of training that increase the practical orientation of educational programs. The materials of the article can be used as the basis for the development of funds for assessment tools and put into the practice of higher educational institutions.

The article reveals the relevance of the formation of financial literacy of schoolchildren in the process of learning Mathematics, due to the global financial crisis, complication of financial activity and inability of a significant part of the population to make decisions related to the use of financial instruments to improve the life quality. Financial literacy is seen as the ability to manage personal finances effectively, keep track of household expenses and incomes, carry out short-term and long-term financial planning, make informed decisions about financial products and services and be responsible for them. Its structure includes personal characteristics, financial competencies and socio-economic roles. The research problem is associated with the disclosure of the potential of a basic school Mathematics course in the formation of students' financial literacy. The purpose of the study is to justify and develop competency-oriented tasks that ensure the formation of financial literacy of students in the course of Mathematics in primary school. During the study, a complex of theoretical and experimental methods have been used, which include analysis of literary sources, modeling, design, data generalization, observation and interrogation. A three-component structure of competency-based tasks based on a combination of context, competency framework and social roles has been developed.

The article considers SWOT analysis as one of the methods proposed for the social and pedagogical diagnosis of the artistic and cultural environment of a region. Social and pedagogical diagnosis of the artistic and cultural environment involves the search for new resources of socio-pedagogical activity in a situation of changing a child’s personality under the influence of rapidly changing factors of socialization (family, peers, mass media, society, subcultures, type of settlement, etc.). Insufficient development of emotional intelligence, absence of emotionally significant types of activity, low level of cognitive and general cultural development make the artistic and cultural environment a significant resource for educational and social pedagogical activity, which is not sufficiently used by employees of educational institutions. The purpose of the research is to determine the possibilities of using the technique for socio-pedagogical diagnostics of the environment, as well as to carry out socio-pedagogical diagnostics of individual components of the artistic and cultural environment of a region (on the example of the Voronezh region). To carry out the SWOT analysis the authors used the following additional methods: questioning, analysis of information on the sites of cultural and art institutions, and media analysis. The proposed SWOT-analysis algorithm of individual components and elements of the artistic and cultural environment of the region to determine its socio-pedagogical potential, as well as suggestions for its improvement for individual elements: the Voronezh State Drama Theater named after Alexey Koltsov, the musical environment, the Museum of Fine Arts named after I.N. Kramskoy can be considered the result of the research. The methodology of the SWOT analysis made it possible to determine the directions of development of the interaction of educational and culture institutions in the region to solve the problems of social education.

The article considers the possibilities and practical importance of using interactive technologies in the system of university training for the effective implementation of the competency-based approach in vocational education. The concept of “interactive” is interpreted, which in the educational process means the dialogism of a teacher and students. On the basis of the epistemological method and the systematic approach, the positive qualities of interactive lecture forms are shown, as they facilitate material learning, and there is also a more effective consolidation of the acquired knowledge with the possibility of its independent application. The beneficial effect of the interactive forms of education on overcoming the communication deficit inherent in the modern information society is noted. It is shown that the traditional form of knowledge transfer “from top to bottom” is less effective compared to the “horizontal” dissemination of educational information in connection with the new qualities of a personality structure of modern students who have clip thinking, and are not accustomed to the perception and written fixation of long texts. Recommendations are given on the use of interactive technologies that contribute to the implementation of the dialogical approach in the learning process. It is concluded that interactive technologies in the process of university training are one of the conditions for students to manifest their subjective activity, and also act as one of the important means of increasing the effectiveness of the learning process.

The problem of analyzing the approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy in working with children with mental disorders is an urgent problem. The article analyzes the approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy, reveals their essence and gives characteristics in relation to work with children with mental disabilities. The subject of the research is the analysis of the approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy in relation to work with children with mental disorders. The object of the research is the use of cinema therapy in working with children with mental disorders. The objective of the work is to identify and analyze approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy used in working with children with mental disorders. The article explores the real theoretical constructs of cinema therapy in working with children with mental disabilities. The methods used are: a comparative method for comparing approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy in different countries; the historical method as a way of studying historical patterns through specific manifestations of historical facts in the form of the emergence and development of cinema therapy approaches, theories and concepts; analysis method as analysis of an integral object of cinema therapeutic theory into parts for its detailed study; a synthesis method as a process of combining disparate concepts of cinema therapeutic theories into a whole; a systematization method as an organization of the studied theoretical approaches of cinema therapy into a specific system; typologization method for identifying similar and distinctive features in approaches, theories, concepts of cinema therapy. The following approaches have been used: the structural-functional approach of T. Parsons and E. Shils, the concept of a representative culture of F. Tenbrook, and the systems theory of society as a communication of N. Luman. The research has shown that approaches, theories and concepts of cinema therapy are used basically in work with minors with mental disabilities, and the characteristics of these theoretical foundations for the use of cinema therapy are tightly connected with the practical implementation of the methods and ways of cinema therapy in working with such clients.

The article considers the relevance of involving personnel of different levels in the management process by goals when integrating the key principles of lean production in management activities and transition of organizations to lean management. The necessity of participation in the lean transformation of a chief executive of an organization, top-level managers and line top managers of the middle level, as well as all employees of the organization, is substantiated. The SQDCM format is considered as an effective model for managing goals, providing management for goals related to safety, quality, order fulfillment, costs and corporate culture. The history of the emergence and development of the management concept for SQDCM goals is analyzed through an appeal to the work of leading foreign scientists in the field of lean manufacturing, the experience of Russian companies is examined. The article proposes the SQDCM goal management system tested by the author at the Belgorod State National Research University, describes the mechanism for cascading SQDCM goals at different levels of management, the relevance of monitoring and visualization of the results, and involvement of personnel in the management of goals. The results of testing the management system for SQDCM goals, which provides transparency and efficiency, allows you to build a lean corporate culture, are recommended for study, generalization and use in government bodies, enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership and fields of activity.

Due to the historical transformation of human activity, there are many changes in the environment of society. The city is one of the habitats in which historically a man has sought to harmonize the interaction of natural and man-made systems. The increasing role of cities, improving the quality of life of the urban environment, the emergence of super-large cities are united by the concept of urbanization. It changed and became more complicated along with all the processes that take place during the transition from agrarian society to industrial, and then to post-industrial one. Current urbanization requires strong strategies and innovative planning to modernize urban life. Difficulties in implementing the principles of state cultural policy, arising under the influence of not only urbanization, but also globalization, standardize the social and cultural needs of a person, turning them into mass culture. The aim of the study is to identify the positive and negative consequences of the urbanization process that affect the components of the socio-cultural space of a city. Theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization were used as research methods. The relevance of the study is due to the state of modern cultural life, which tends to simplify, the appearance of symptoms of deterioration of social well-being and satisfaction of the urban population with the life. The article considers approaches to understanding the city with a focus on the sociological aspect, reveals the importance of sociocultural potential as a factor of sustainable and harmonious development of the city. The analysis of the components of the sociocultural potential of the city, regarding the impact of the consequences of urbanization on them, has been carried out on the basis of the secondary analysis of the works of modern Russian scientists.

The aim of the research is the process of popularization of scientific knowledge in the modern social and cultural space. Currently, the Russian authorities are making efforts to systematize work to popularize scientific knowledge, and are actively developing forms and methods of educational activity. In this regard, the issues of interaction between the science and the state acquire special significance and relevance. The author has examined the problems of the emergence of modern interactive methods of popularization, sometimes lying in the “entertainment plane”, which coexist with traditional forms and methods of educational work. Special attention is paid to the preparation of popular science content for the general public. It has been revealed that the participation of specialists in mass communication is necessary for the effectiveness of the process of presenting the results of scientific research of a mass audience. According to the author, this is due to an increase in the number of professionals who receive indepth knowledge of natural and STEM disciplines and are ready for effective work in the field of scientific communications. The forms and means of presenting scientific research of the mass audience selected by the participants of scientific communication are also the subject of the analysis in the article. The research methods used are theoretical analysis, synthesis and generalization.

The results of the investigation of the phenomenon of elite culture in the process of transition to information civilization are presented. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of elite culture as the antipode of mass culture. It is noted that the emergence of a class of intellectuals, the intellectual elite, influences the formation of a new type of culture: an elite intellectual culture. The concept of “elitism”, which underlies the elite culture, is considered. Ways to realize the desire for genuine elitism are proposed. The phenomenon of the expansion of the Western mosaic mass culture into the Russian cultural space through the means of mass communication, especially the Internet, is being studied. It is shown that a mosaic culture is the result of the daily impact of an abundant and random flow of random information, fleeting impressions of basic knowledge and ideas on a person, which together do not give an overall picture of the world, since a person simply does not have time to systematize and spell out the received information. It is emphasized that representatives of the intellectual elite, bearers of the elite culture, being passionaries, outstanding people, gifted, and with high moral qualities, are able to withstand the dominance of mass mosaic culture and revive the classical domestic culture model with an orderly structure of knowledge based on the national culture created by the best representatives of creative intellectuals.