In modern historical science the study of leisure activities is important. It expands our understanding of human value orientations, which in turn serve as the basis for decision-making and regulation of human behavior. The purpose of the article is to consider holidays as one of the forms of organizing the leisure of the citizen of the Tobolsk province. The research is based on the modernization approach, which pays considerable attention to the study of the transformation of social practices, forms of interaction and behavior of people. Also, apart from the fundamental principles of historical science - objectivity, historicism, scientific character and consistency, special historical methods have been used: concrete historical and comparative historical ones. On the basis of the archival materials, it has been revealed that in 1870-1917 holidays occupied a significant place in the leisure of the citizen of the Tobolsk province. In addition, it has been found that new types of them appeared in addition to the existing religious and state holidays in the studied period: public holidays, local ones, which significantly expanded the opportunities of citizens for communication and cultural recreation. Among other things, it has been shown that the set of festive events for urban residents was determined by their social status. Local governments, which were often the only organizers of festive events in cities, played an important role in these processes.

The purpose of the research is to trace the evolution of family and marriage relations of the Russian peasantry of the Tobolsk province, which took place in the second half of the 19th century and was influenced by Russian reforms and modernization. The article analyzes the changes that began during this period in the institutions of family and marriage, and also considers new forms of family and marriage relations that began to appear in the peasant society. The preconditions and reasons for the weakening of the institution of the family, divorces in peasant families have been analyzed, the factors of the formation of new forms of marriage and living in fornication have been considered. The role of the state in solving family problems of the peasantry as a whole during the reform period has been investigated. As a result of the research, it has been shown that as a result of the reforms and the subsequent changes in the life of the peasant population of the Tobolsk province, the influx of migrant peasants from the European part of Russia to the region, the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway and other transformations, the form of marriage and family relations among peasants changed, new types of marriage appeared, number of divorces and unmarried women increased. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the formulation of conclusions about the crisis in the post-reform period of the patriarchal model of the multigenerational family among the Russian peasantry of the Tobolsk province (as in the rest of Russia), the spread of small family forms, the growth in the number of divorces, various models of fornication, etc.

The relevance of the study is determined by the scientific and practical interest in the history of national physical culture and sports, the state policy in this area, including in the national regions of the country in the early Soviet period, as well as the discussions that have unfolded in the world community today about the fate of women’s sports. For the first time, the article analyzes the transformations that took place in the 1930s on the basis of reliable factual materials, taking into account modern historiographic generalizations in the structure of women’s gender role on the example of participation in the physical culture movement and sports of women of multinational Dagestan, which became more and more noticeable, despite the preservation of the significant influence of Islam and traditional ideas about the place of women in the system of social relations and the family. The research carried out within the framework of socio-cultural, gender history, the history of everyday life on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity with the use of comparative-historical, problem-chronological, descriptive methods and taking into account the main provisions of the modernization concept, led to the conclusion that in the 1930s ... the leadership of the republic and the region began to give priority attention to the involvement of mountain girls in the physical culture and military-sports movement, which became one of the components of the program for solving the "women’s issue", the implementation of which made it possible to more and more actively attract Dagestani women to participate in the socio-political and cultural life of the republic, edges, countries.

The article examines the historical experience of regulation of the issues of spiritual authorities of Muslim communities in 1880s by the authorities of the Kuban region, as well as appointment of aul mullahs, increasing the role of qadis in mountain verbal courts. The issue of spiritual governance of Muslim communities is important for understanding the process of Russian civil governance formation in the North Caucasus, which was associated with overcoming both the biased attitude of officials towards the Caucasian peoples and fears, for example, of the Adyghs (Circassians) of losing their ethnic identity and connection with the Muslim the world. Such a negative state of the Circassian population of the Kuban region manifested itself in their permanent desire to move to Turkey for permanent residence. And in the context of examining the Russian-Caucasian relations, it is relevant to study such a positive experience in regulating the issues of spiritual governance of the Muslim communities of the North Caucasus. In the article the author followed scientific principles in conducting the research and used a wide range of references on the history of the Adyghs (Circassians), which also included a large amount of archival material, suggesting a comprehensive coverage of historical facts on the issue. The author’s adherence to the principle of historicism made it possible to examine the activities of the civil authorities of the Kuban region in dynamics from actual events in specific historical conditions to reasoning about their causes and consequences. The author concludes that the Russian authorities raised the issue of improving the organization of the activities of the Muslim clergy, while trying not to create an overloaded bureaucratic apparatus. The Muslim clergy in the districts of the Kuban region that needed control spiritual power, obtained it in the person of qadi of the district Gorsky verbal courts.

The current stage of development of the Russian society is characterized by a sharp increase in the role of the medical intelligentsia and academic science of the Kuban and Adygea in the formation of the historical and cultural heritage. The research also has historiographic significance. In recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in interest in the problem of historical and cultural heritage, however, in general, its development is fragmentary, which makes the task of a comprehensive study of the problem urgent. The relevance of the topic is also proved by the fact that its consideration makes it possible to comprehend thoroughly the broader problems of domestic natural science and humanitarian cultures. The research is based on a combination of different methods. The use of a systematic approach, which made it possible to carry out a comprehensive study of the role of G.N. Speransky, as a representative of medical academic science in the formation of the historical and cultural heritage of the Kuban and Adygea was of fundamental importance. The regional aspect of the investigated problem predetermined its consideration from the standpoint of the methodology of local history. The need to give the study a logical and structural integrity led to the application of the problem-chronological method. The purpose of the research is to study the role of medical intelligentsia in creation and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of both the subjects of the Russian Federation and the entire state that by considering the activities of the famous doctor G.N. Speransky and his contribution to the development of the child health care system and academic medicine. It has been concluded that G.N. Speransky made an invaluable contribution to the development of the doctrine of a newborn child and the organization of a neonatological service in the country, and also laid the foundations for this direction of medicine in the Kuban and Adygea. New progressive processes in the development of domestic medicine became the evidence of the growth of academic medicine and the formation of new cultural needs.

The relevance of the research is due to the multicultural nature of the modern world, where all members of any society must have equal rights for high quality educational services, despite individual characteristics that may manifest themselves in race and gender, social status, and alternative development. Multicultural education, being a priority in the US educational policy, has stimulated the development of inclusive education in the country, thereby providing access to education for all citizens with disabilities. Thus, a comprehensive school acquired the status of the main institution for the socialization of students, regardless of their educational capabilities and needs. Consequently, the problem of the research is to identify the relationship between multicultural and inclusive education in the United States. The purpose of the research was to characterize the common features of multicultural and inclusive education on the example of the United States. In the course of the research, the following methods were used: analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the research problem, as well as methods of comparative analysis, generalization and systematization. The research results are the main features of multicultural and inclusive education in the United States have been analyzed, the main goals of multicultural and inclusive education in the United States have been correlated; the principles of multicultural education, which form the basis of inclusive education in the United States have been considered; the relationship of inclusive and multicultural education on the example of the United States has been substantiated. Key conclusions: the presented principles of multicultural education (the principle of variability, differentiation, exclusion of any kind of discrimination, humanistic orientation of the educational process) forms the basis for the organization of inclusive education in the United States. A comparative analysis of the goals of multicultural and inclusive education in the United States has shown their general focus on providing affordable and quality education to all members of society, regardless of identity.

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of modern education - increasing the motivation of students, the influence of various motivational components on the effectiveness of intensive study of a foreign language in the framework of pre-university training, which implies the study of complex grammatical and lexical material in a short time period and requires increased motivation from students. The relevance of the research is due to the importance of a thorough scientific study of the influence of students’ motivation on learning outcomes and the study of methods and techniques for increasing both motivation and the successful implementation of the anthropocentric, communicative-cognitive and personality-oriented paradigm of teaching Russian as a foreign language (Russian as a foreign language). The purpose of the study can be defined as the systematization of existing pedagogical techniques to increase the motivation of students and the search for new ones, as well as the analysis of factors that reduce the motivation of students. The main research method is scientific analysis, observation and generalization. The key results of the research are the introduction of the term "polymotivation", its definition and role in the teaching process; presentation of the experience of increasing polymotivation among foreign students undergoing training at the preparatory department. It has been concluded that motivation, when divided into external and internal, cannot be considered and applied separately, as a self-sufficient unit; the term "polymotivation" is introduced as a sublimation of the types of motivation used in the teaching process; the methods and techniques of increasing polymotivation in the classroom in Russian as a foreign language have been analyzed.

Cybernation of the world, which began in the middle of the 20th century, encompassed all spheres of the life of society, becoming an essential component of the environment. Electronic technologies are used in various industries and services, including education. The implementation of the idea of e-education has contributed to the change in educational technologies, the dominant component of which are information and communication technologies. The research problem lies in the need to disclose modern information and communication technologies as an actual resource for educational activities. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, generalization, description. The basic research method is a pedagogical experiment. The research results: the concept of "information and communication technologies" has been considered, their tools have been described; the advantages of using information and communication technologies in educational activities in the direction of training 44.03.02 Psychology and Pedagogy of primary education have been disclosed; the efficiency has been substantiated and the possibilities of using informatization means in the educational process on the basis of the branch of FSBEI HE "Adyghe State University" in the city of Belorechensk have been determined; examples of the use of information and communication technologies in the educational process in the disciplines "Modern information technologies", "Information and communication technologies in education" have been given; the results of experimental work have been presented, that confirm the increase in the efficiency of the quality of knowledge. Key conclusions: information and communication technologies include the integration of methodological techniques, technological processes, software and hardware that interact with each other in the process of using information for a specific purpose, determined by the interests of its consumers; the advantages of information and communication technologies in educational activities are the expansion of the possibilities of the educational process, the development of positive educational motivation and interest of students, an increase in the quality of knowledge, etc.

At present, profound changes are taking place in the system of higher education in Russia: goals, strategies, objectives and content of education, as well as the ways of organizing the educational process, are radically changing. One of the priority areas ensuring the transformation of the higher education system is the introduction of network educational programs. The study of the methodological foundations of their design is relevant and necessary today. The research problem: characteristics of network educational programs and methodological foundations of their design to ensure maximum flexibility of the educational trajectory within the framework of network interaction. The purpose of the research is determination of the methodology for constructing effective network educational programs, based on the formation of the student’s personality and his practical preparation for future professional activity through individual development. The research methods are critical analysis of pedagogical, psychological and regulatory sources, design, modeling, systematization. The results of the research: changes in the technological, substantive and technical plan in the design of educational programs have been analyzed, the necessity of technological elaboration of psychological and pedagogical support of the educational process has been substantiated for the flexibility of educational programs and the development of individual learning paths; building a competence model of a specialist and strengthening practical training in the implementation of project-based modular training in the format of network educational programs have been emphasized; the role of motivational behavior of students and teachers has been determined; the principles of network learning have been formulated; the experience of designing and implementing network educational programs at RANEPA and VAVT have been analyzed. Key findings: network education and introduction of flexible educational programs have defined a new methodological platform and architecture for higher education. The analysis of fundamental changes in personal, behavioral and cognitive development of modern youth under the influence of electronic media and their accounting will allow educational organizations of the higher education system to innovatively approach the development of content, learning technologies and to develop new criteria for assessing the quality of education at a university. Designing flexible educational programs in a network format based on the studied methodology provides an opportunity for Russian universities to develop a networked format of education effectively, increase the academic mobility of students and teachers, provide flexibility in the educational path of learning, and significantly raise the prestige of Russian education in the global educational space.

Today, in connection with the aggravation of the international situation, teaching tolerance is of particular relevance. Currently, there is a contradiction between the tendencies towards globalization and the isolation of cultures, therefore, the problem of establishing intercultural ties and building an equal dialogue of cultures is acute. The aim of the research is to analyze the role of developing tolerance towards other cultures in preparation for intercultural interaction. In the research the author uses the method of analysis of scientific literature and diagnostic techniques. As a result of the experiment, the positive influence of the development of tolerance to other cultures on the preparation for intercultural interaction has been revealed. Thus, we can draw key conclusions that: preparation for intercultural interaction helps to overcome psychological barriers in learning a foreign language, promotes the disclosure of the student’s personality, creates a healthy atmosphere in the student community and stimulates further learning; tolerance education should be more widely applied in educational institutions of various levels as the prevention of extremism in a tense intercultural environment.

Program documents that form the state educational policy in the country, studies of modern educational models and practices prove the priority of solving the problem of educating the younger generation. In this regard, the status and role of the class teacher in the educational space of the school increases, which determines the need to develop high-quality tools for his professional and personal development. The problem of the study: the definition and systematics of modern formats of the class teacher’s activity in an educational organization. The purpose of the study: designing a model of the professional profile of the class teacher in accordance with the formats of his professional activity and self-development. Research methods: critical analysis of pedagogical, psychological and regulatory sources, comparative analysis of the phenomena of educational practices based on a paradigmatic approach, design, modeling, vectors of the class teacher’s professional work as an organizer and implementer of educational events; the need for a multidimensional professional profile of the class teacher is justified; its integrative model is developed, reflecting all formats of professional activity and personal development. Key conclusions: the developed model of the professional profile of the class teacher is the basis for determining his fundamental characteristics as a professional educator and a self-developing personality. The presented profile allows you to analyze the practical work of the class teacher according to various parameters and is a tool for building a mechanism for evaluating his professional work.

Nowadays the preconditions for the upbringing of the younger generation in the context of the digitalization of society have emerged. This means that changes are taking place in the social, economic and political spheres of life, which entails changes in the methods of teaching and upbringing of the younger generation. The active use of digital technologies in civic education of students creates a high-tech living environment, which leads to the education of competent and competitive digital citizens. In these conditions, the possibilities of education and upbringing of students are expanding, taking into account individual characteristics. The aforementioned emphasizes the relevance of the problem of informatization of society and the introduction of information technologies in the process of civic education of students. The research problem lies in the informatization of society and the widespread use of information systems in the process of civic education of the younger generation. The purpose of the research is to identify topical issues of civic education in the educational process of an educational institution in the context of digitalization and informatization of society. The research methods used are analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization. The research results: a generalized definition of the concept of civic education in the context of digitalization has been presented; the ways of using multimedia technologies in the educational process have been shown; telecommunication projects for solving problems of civic education and social and psychological attitudes of the younger generation have been described. Key conclusions: information systems have a high educational potential, as they ensure the availability and quality of the formation of civic values among students at a distance; Internet resources can be the means of civic education; educational work, in the context of the digitalization of society, is a technological process; education of digital citizens requires appropriate pedagogical tools; multimedia technologies allow to instill in students the civic values of education.

The relevance of the article is due to the increased interest and need of specialists of various categories in the study and implementation of health-preserving activities. The research problem lies in the formation of the readiness of specialists of various profiles to carry out health-saving activities with different categories of the population. The purpose of the research is to analyze the scientific research fund, to show the main directions of research activities on the formation of the readiness of specialists of various categories to carry out health-preserving activities. The research objective is to reveal the essence of scientific approaches to the study of aspects of health-preserving pedagogical activity and the prospects for research activities in this direction. The research methodology is composed of a set of methods of scientific knowledge: analysis, synthesis, generalization. The research results. The article examines the current state of the problem of health-preserving activity in domestic dissertation research presented in the section “Abstracts of theses” of the Unified Electronic Resource of the Russian State Library, which made it possible to fix the set semantic units of the studied scientific and pedagogical content and conduct their analysis, clarify defining various pedagogical categories, replenishing their content line and designing further relevant research. Key findings. A meaningful analysis of the thematic clusters presented in the article allows us to conclude that the process of addressing researchers to this issue is not intensive, orderly and methodologically secure and requires further comprehensive study in the theoretical and methodological field of not only pedagogical, but also psychological, sociological, biological and economic sciences.

The modern labor market, focused on the level of the technological progress, makes a set of requirements for university graduates, which are based on fluency in a foreign language. The protracted period of the pandemic forced to transfer the educational process in universities to an online format, for which the entire existing potential of e-learning of universities was used (electronic information and educational environment + modern information and communication technologies + competencies of teachers). But the question is whether the employer will be satisfied with the results of teaching young specialists a foreign language through ICT alone. The article makes an attempt to analyze the positive and negative aspects of teaching a foreign language, exclusively using the electronic information and educational environment of an organization. The research methodology and methods. The source base of the study are scientific and journalistic articles on the topic, information from the official website of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation “Portal of Federal State Educational Standards”. In the research the methods of structural analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization were used.

The society is characterized by the expansion of digital services into all spheres of human life, including education. The digital technology sector plays a leading role in the development of a digital society. The introduction of digital services into education at all its levels is supported by government initiatives as a promising guideline for the transformation of the entire society, taking into account global practices. The research problem is: what are the mechanisms of digital education as a new pedagogical paradigm? The purpose of the research is to substantiate the features of digital education as a new pedagogical paradigm and a component of state educational policy. The research methods are data analysis of Internet sources, scientific works, generalization, systematization. The research results: new educational opportunities through the use of digital resources have been substantiated; the main features of digital education have been identified; the prospects for digital education as an innovative model have been outlined. Key findings: the introduction of digital education into a university environment has been considered in two contexts: as a necessary content of education and as a means of teaching; the main features of digital education focus on consumer preferences, organization of rational user interaction, algorithmized interaction of its users, remote work with information resources, network interaction, etc.; infection for various consumer groups; the ability to operate on different means and compatibility with other applications; the prospects for digital education are the construction of an ergonomic communicative environment of an educational institution, the possession of digital competencies by all subjects of education; motivation of scientific and pedagogical personnel to work in a new educational environment, updating academic disciplines, etc.

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to search for new scientific, theoretical, methodological, substantive and technological foundations for the training future lawyers, as the intellectual and political elite of the state, possessing a stable civic position and ready to form a civil society and protect the rights of Russian citizens. The problem of the research is to study the features of training future lawyers and to determine the scientific and theoretical platform for designing a model for the formation of civic position of future lawyers in the legal clinic of a university. The purpose of the research is scientific substantiation and design of a model for the formation of the civic position of future lawyers in the legal clinic of a university. The research methodology and methods: content analysis of scientific research; theoretical analysis of pedagogical dilemmas in the training of future lawyers; forecasts of pedagogical fronts for the development of conditions for the development of the civic position of future lawyers in the process of professional training; designing a model for the development of the civic position of future lawyers in the legal clinic of a university. The research results are: transformational processes in the world change civil society (social stratification, lack of protection of the rights of a separate part of society, etc.) and become challenges to modern education in the training of future lawyers; integration and an interdisciplinary approach in the training of future lawyers determine scientific-theoretical, methodological, substantive and technological approaches to the development of the civil position of a future lawyer; designing a model for the development of the civic position of future lawyers in the legal clinic of a university makes it possible to make forecasts for the required competencies of this category of specialists, optimize the environment of a university - a legal clinic as a place of professional self-realization and manifestation of the civic position of a future lawyer. Key findings are: global trends are challenges for modern legal education; the training of future lawyers should be coupled with the formation of a civic position, understood as a willingness to serve their Fatherland, the state and its citizens; the design of innovative models for the training of future lawyers is focused on the integration of the processes of professional formation and education of a future citizen of Russia with a stable civic position, on the anticipatory nature of the development by future lawyers in the legal clinic of university of professional and personal competencies in demand in the rule of law.

Personnel policy in executive bodies is a system that most effectively improves the professional functioning of government bodies and supports social development. The relevance of the article is associated with the need to improve the efficiency of the executive authorities, one of the key areas of this process is personnel policy. The purpose of the research is to study the features of personnel policy in executive bodies in modern conditions. The main research methods are systematization and generalization of theoretical and practical aspects of the development and implementation of personnel policy in executive authorities. The results of the study show the complexity of the conditions affecting changes in personnel policy in the executive authorities. These changes require constant analysis of the situation and changes in the environment in which they operate. Proposals are formulated for government bodies aimed at increasing adaptability and development potential using appropriate tools and methods of human resource management.

The article examines the process of adaptation of a modern person to rapid transformations of the surrounding world associated with the digitalization of the economy, the intellectualization of labor activity, and changes in the paradigm of the education system. The key features of a person of the future, i.e. an intellectual with high professional qualities and creative abilities, have been revealed. The intellectualization of labor activity requires spiritual maturity and high social responsibility from a person. It has been emphasized that an increase in the intellectual component of labor, introduction of high technology, high professionalism serve as the basis for a new motivational system of a person, displacing the system of material incentives: labor and human improvement - become categories of the same order. The intellectual abilities and the received high-quality education determine both the level of income and social status. The new model of “lifelong education”, which is based on the principle of lifelong learning, is a source of human activity and readiness to go beyond their capabilities, and constant self-improvement turns into a way of being. The social destiny of a man of the future remains the preservation of culture and the provision of sustainable development of civilization.

The article discusses a method of social communication on the Internet based on general professional hobbies in the field of amateur creativity. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the fact that social life of a modern person in the sphere of social production seems to be extremely formalized, often not allowing the manifestation of personal individuality, which can affect the state of both an individual and society as a whole. Compensating for this deficit makes it possible to engage in amateur creativity in various fields, and communication in social networks with like-minded hobbies can enhance the sociocultural effect of creative satisfaction. The method of analyzing documents (posts of forum participants on the site of sewers “burdastyle.ru”) has been used in the research. The analysis has shown that the initially horizontal structure of network communication in the process of forming a network community gradually acquires the properties of a vertical hierarchy, where each participant receives his/her conditional social status with his/her inherent role. Thus, the effect of social stratification arises according to significant social characteristics (material security, level of education, etc.). Long-term participation in network communication with specific participants through the monitor leads to the fact that it can be perceived as a kind of plot of a series, where forum participants acquire the qualities of character-types. The main conclusion of the article is that the creative potential of handmade placed in the Internet space increases many times over, and as a result, an atmosphere of collective immersion into the depths of artistic communication with its inherent function of increasing the vital energy of society and individuals arises.